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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Works: Euthyphro, Apology
Dialectic method of asking and answering. Negative hypothesis elimination. Clarity of definition of terms. Courage of convictions. Definition and induction method. (scientific method) |
Socrates
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Works: Value of Philosophy, Truth Correspondence, Principia Matimatica,
Transcending the "Practical" person(rugged individualism), Contemplation for expansion from narrow personal interests(instinctive self escape), Maintaining speculative interest and doubt, Search for knowledge in uncertainty, Enlarge the "may-be", knowledge as union of self and non-self, Analytic philosophy, |
Bertrand Russell
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Works: Four Approaches
Father of pragmatism, 'warranted true-belief', fixing beliefs or settling opinions, what constitutes evidence or 'warrant', rationalism or 'the a priori method', empiricism, adequate "method of science" Doubt stimulates resolution to belief(inquiry struggle), Belief lies dormant ready to influence our actions, Prejudice and torment of beliefs against each other, a. priori = think as you are so inclined, respect differences but love logical purity, |
Charles Sanders Pierce
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Works: Warranted True Belief, Western Philosophy, Socratic Dialogues, Theory of Forms
Platonism, truth + warrant = rational explanation, Dialectic, father son stuff, Unseen world is larger than the seen and the seen world is the least knowable(believing in what isn't there is probably why it's so popular a base for western philosophy), |
Plato
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Works: Not-sense Knowledge, analytical geometry, foundations of rationalism,
Cogito ergo sum(I think therefor I am), "whatever is clearly and distinctly perceived is true" , a. priori method, changes of form/continuance of some essential property of matter, |
Descartes
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Works: Knowledge is sensed,
Empiracist, father of classical liberalism, theory of mind, knowledge = sensation + reflection, blank slate on witch experiences are written = mind, understanding separates man, epistemology, degrees of belief opinion and assent, searching between opinion and knowledge, innate principles speculative and practical universally agreed on by mankind, universal consent, |
John Locke
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Works: Knowledge Rational and Empirical, critique of pure reason,
reason and morality, structure of human experience, sought reconciliation of a priori and a posteriori knowledge or synthetic knowledge, everything has a cause, |
Immanuel Kant
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Works: Truth Coherence,
Defense of reason, polemicist, coherent pattern or systems of truth, bridge building, "Truth is the approximation of thought to reality. It is thought on it's way home. Its measure is the distance thought has traveled, under guidance of its inner compass, toward that intelligible system which unites its ultimate object with its ultimate end." full truth requires full correspondence and may never by known. science can become a fetish. no scientific "end of the road". |
Percy Brand Blanchard
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Works: Truth Pragmatic, principles of psychology,
"father of American psychology", pragmatism, radical empiricism, true = useful, correspondence + coherence, beliefs that "work", evolution of truth utility from denial to acceptance to claiming they discovered it, truth is verifiable, corroboratable, assimilatable. False ideas are not. choosing free will, system of instincts, conflict of interests, |
William James
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Works: Cause association, No induction, Treatise on Human Nature, naturalistic "science of man",
empiricist, skeptic, cause and effect related if: 1. two events are spatially contiguous. 2. one event proceeds the other. 3. these events have been associated in such spatial and temporal conditions many times. "where if the first object had not been, the second never had existed." "that this vibration is followed by this sound, and that all similar vibrations have been followed by similar sounds" problems with induction because of difficulty proving nature is uniform, habit of expecting what has happened in the past to happen again in similar circumstances isn't proof that it will. all sciences are related and dependent on human nature and must be viewed with human nature in mind to be seen clearly. |
David Hume
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Works: Reality Consists of Matter,
neurophilosophy, eliminative materialism, supplanting talk of 'minds' with truthful talk of nervous systems and brains, arguments against dualism, Ockham's Razor, we don't know what mental illness is, "beliefs, feelings, desires as part of 'folk psychology'", obviation through though scientific understanding of human nature and neuroscience, neural networks, neuroplasticity, |
Paul Churchland
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Reality Ideas
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George Berkeley
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Reality Mental Physical
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John Dewey
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Particulars Real
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David Hume
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Universals Real
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Plato
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Humans Determined
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Holbach
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Humans Free
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Richard Taylor
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Ethics Relative
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Ruth Benedict
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Ethics Not Relative
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W.T. Stace
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Humans Selfish
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Glaucon
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Humans Not Always Selfish
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James Rachels
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Duty Prior to Happiness
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Immanuel Kant
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Existentialist Ethics
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Jean-Paul Sarte
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Feminist Ethics Different
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Virginia Held
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