Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is an autacoid?
|
a drug that acts on local hormones, transmitters or modulators
It acts on smooth muscle |
|
|
What is serotonin synthesized from?
|
Tryptophan
it is stored in enterochromaffin cells in the intestine, neurons in the CNS and in platelets |
|
|
What are the effects of serotonin in the CNS?
|
sleep, perception, appetite, temperature, behavior, perastalsis, vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation
|
|
|
What is cyproheptadine used for?
What is an adverse effect of cyproheptadine? |
appetite stimulant in dogs and cats
aggression in cats |
|
|
What is Mirtazapine used for?
|
appetite stimulant and antiemetic
|
|
|
What is Ondansetron used for?
|
Antiemetic
|
|
|
What is the main use of metoclopramide?
|
prokinetic and antiemetic
it acts on the proximal part of the GI (stomach and duodenum) |
|
|
What is the main use for cisapride?
|
prokinetic
it acts on the whole GI tract |
|
|
What drug is used to treat separation anxiety in dogs? How does it work?
|
Fluoxetine (reconcile)
it is a seratonin reuptake inhibitor increase seratonin in the synaptic cleft so there is more seratonin available see sedation and constipation |
|
|
What is Clomipramine and what neurotransmitter does it work on?
|
it is a tri-cyclic antidepressant that acts on norepinephrine
|
|
|
What drugs modify the effects of serotonin pro-kinetics?
What will increase the serotonin effects? |
morphine and atropine
-physiological antagonism on sm muscle MAOIs -increase dopamine, NE, seratonin --cushing disease |
|
|
What drugs are adenosin antagonists?
What is their effect? |
Methlyxanthines= theophylline, aminophylline,
These drugs have a narrow therapeutic index but the are used to increased contractility & BD |
|
|
What kind of autacoid are tachykinins? Main drug?
What are their main use? What is the most important receptor? |
Peptides
Maropitant Antiemetic and motion sickness NK1- antagonist |
|
|
Angiotensin is what kind of autacoid?
What is it's main effect? Why? What form acts on the AT1 receptors? |
Peptide
VC and aldosterone secretion To increase systemic BP Angiotensin II |
|
|
What are the drugs that inhibit angiotensin (ACE inhibitors)?
|
captopril
enalapril |
|
|
Where is histamine stored?
|
in mast cells
|
|
|
Where is histamine released?
|
GI tract, CNS, lungs and skin
|
|
|
What are H1 receptors active in?
H2? |
H1 - inflammation, anaphylaxis, allergies, drug reactions
H2 - gastric acid secretion |
|
|
What does activation of the H1 receptors cause on vessels?
Bronchi? |
vasodilation
Bronchoconstriction |
|
|
What can activation of H1 and H3 cause?
|
itching
|
|
|
What is the difference between 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines?
|
2nd generation antihistamines do not cause drowsiness because they are unable to cross the blood brain barrier
|
|
|
What are the three main uses for H1 antihistamines?
|
pruritis
antiemetic allergy/anaphylaxis (profolactically) |
|
|
What is the main use for H2 antihistamines?
|
to decrease gastric acid secretion by blocking secretion of proton ions
|
|
|
What do prostaglandins have effects on?
|
reproduction
cardiovascular kidney stomach |
|
|
What PGE analogue is used for decreasing NSAID ulcers and dermatosis in dogs?
|
Misoprostol
can cause abortion and smooth muscle contraction |
|
|
What are the four H2 antihistamine drugs?
|
Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and nizatidine
|
|
|
What H2 antihistmines are prokinetic?
|
Ranitidine and nizatidine
|
|
|
What H2 antihistamine is used to treat melanomas in horses?
|
Cimetidine
|
|
|
What PG analogue is used to treat glaucoma in dogs?
|
Bimatoprost
it works by decreasing interocular pressure |
|
|
What is the PG analogue Etiproston used for?
|
controlling time of estrus cyclling
|
