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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where did Aborigines probably come from?
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From islands to the north of Australia during the Ice Age. When the ice melted they were cut off.
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Why is there an abundance of grass-eating animals in Australia?
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No large predators were to be found on the island.
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Who, in the 1600s were the first europeans to sail to the north, west and south coasts of Australia?
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The Dutch. They traded with the spice islands (Indonesia) and heard of the large land to the south-east. Wilelm Janz landed on the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606.
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There were many Dutch ships that sailed to "New Holland". Who captained a voyage in 1642 and why?
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Abel Tasman was sent by the governor of Batavia (van Diemen) to find, it was hoped, a continent containing great wealth.
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What were the first words written by Tasman in the ship's journal?
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"May God Almighty vouchsafe His blessing on this work. Amen."
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Why were Tasman's crew disappointed?
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There seemed little in the way of wealth; they judged that the natives were giants and were scared of strange animal footprints.
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What was the first English ship to land in Australia, and why?
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The Cygnet. The ship had mutinied and landed on the west coast (Cygnet Bay) to be beached and cleaned.
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Who was the (unwilling) pilot of The Cygnet and why was he important?
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William Dampier. When he escaped he wrote about the journey and the Admiralty gave him The Roebuck to go and explore "New Holland."
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What happened on his voyage in 1699?
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He planned to visit the east coast but was blown off course. He visited the north and west coasts and his views of the land and natives were so poor that European interest disappeared.
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Why, in 1769, was James Cook sent on the Endeavour to visit Tahiti?
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To observe the Transit of Venus. When that was completed he had orders to sail south to explore for a great continent.
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Cook mapped New Zealand and showed that there was not a great continent in the south. When did he reach Australia?
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On 20 April 1770. First point seen was named Point Hicks after the Lieutenant who was in charge of the watch.
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After nine days of sailing along the coast they reached Botany Bay. What were they going to call it?
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Stingray Bay. It was called Botany Bay as the ship's botanist, Joseph Banks, discovered so many new plants.
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What disaster nearly befell them off the Queensland Coast?
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They struck coral and but for the piece wedging in the hole they would have been sunk. They landed at Endeavour River to repair.
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Where on the Australian coast did Cook proclaim English ownership of the land he had discovered?
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Possession Island.
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Where had England sent her convicts and what happened to make them need somewhere else?
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To the American colonies. When these declared their independence prisoners could no longer be sent there.
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Who made up the First Fleet that set sail in May 1787?
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2 warships, 3 store ships and 6 transports. In these were 1,500 people over half of which were convicts. The fleet was commanded by the first Governor Arthur Phillip.
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Where did they first land and when this was not suitable where did they go?
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Botany Bay and then to Port Jackson. "The finest harbour in the world, in which a thousand ships of the line may ride in perfect security."
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On what day was the British flag raised?
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26 January 1788. The first Australia Day.
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What were some of the problems that Philip faced?
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The soldiers refused to guard the convicts, poor tools, seed had rotted, sickness and threats from aborigines. They nearly starved to death.
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Philip was governor from 1788 to 1792. What sort of governor was he?
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"He was a great governor. He ruled firmly, but justly, and all the people felt that he was good, steadfast, courageous and kind." He gave opportunities to dependable convicts, looked after and used the land well and when food was short rationed it so that everyone (including him) suffered equally.
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Who were "emancipists" and who were "exclusionists."
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Emancipists were those who had served their time as convicts and had been freed. Exclusionists were free people who wanted to exclude emancipists from society.
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Why did the New South Wales corps have to be formed?
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Because the soldiers with the First Fleet said that there job was to protect the colony from invaders; not to guard the convicts.
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Who replaced Philip and what poor decisions did he make?
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Grose, the commander of the NSW corps. He did away with Philip's planning for a model town; he gave all power to his fellow army officers and he gave them land and free convict labour.
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What did the officers of the NSW corps begin to take control of?
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Trade to and from the colony.
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What item was it discovered that settlers were prepared to pay tremendous prices for, and whose trade was monoplised by the corps?
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Rum. Many soldiers became very wealthy because of this trade.
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Who were the second and third Governors?
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Governor Hunter (1795 to 1800) and Governor King (1800 to 1806).
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Were they able to control the rum trade and control the NSW corps?
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No. They tried hard but the power of the soldiers was so great that they were able to disobey Governors and the British Government.
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Who did the British government send to try and sort out the problems caused by the NSW corps?
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Captain William Bligh. 'Hero' of the mutiny on the Bounty, and governor from 1806 to 1808.
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What happened in NSW when Bligh tried to defeat the rum trade and weaken the power of the officers and their friends?
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Those that he was against chose to rebel against him when he imprisoned John Macarthur.
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While Bligh was imprisoned or in exile who ruled NSW?
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Major Johnston; the commander of the NSW corps.
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Who were the two Royal navy sailors who explored much of the australian coast?
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Matthew Flinders and George Bass.
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In what years and in what boat did Flinders sail around Australia?
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1801 to 1803, in 'Investigator'
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Who sailed with Matthew Flinders?
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His cat, Trim.
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Who was the chaplain to the First Fleet?
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Rev. Richard Johnson. Wilberforce and Newton did their best to ensure that an evengelical man was appointed.
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When and what was the first sermon preached in Australia?
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On Sunday 3 February, 1788. The sermon (commemorated by a plaque) was on Psalm 116:12 "What shall I render unto the Lord for all that he has done for me?"
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Who replaced Johnson as chaplain?
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Samuel Marsden.
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