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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some things to consider when fitting hearing aids for a patient? (6)
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-style and type of aid
-earmold type -mon- or binaural fitting -extra features -frequency/gain characteristics -cost to patient |
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What are the advantages to binaural hearing aids? (7)
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-better localization (know where sound is coming from)
-elmination of head-shadow effect -better hearing in noise -loudness sumation -wider dynamic range, due to summation -more "balanced" feeling -reduces concern for auditory deprivation |
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What is the Head-Shadow Effect?
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head creates a "shadow" between the two ears. this affects the transmission of high frequency sounds from one side to the other
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What is binaural summation?
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when we listen with 2 ears, sounds from the ears "add" in the central auditory system and increase loudness perception
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What is auditory deprivation?
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a decrease in speech recognition in an ear over time due to lack of auditory stimulation
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True or false: After fitting a hearing aid, you should send the patient on his/her way without any instruction.
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False; go over use and care of aid
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True or false: It is a good idea to have a significant other of the patient present during hearing aid orientation.
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True; they can better understand how hearing aid works and may help patient with acceptance of hearing aid
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What are some things to show the patient about the hearing aid before they go home?
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-location of microphone
-any special switches on aid -battery compartment and how to insert the battery (write down battery size) -how to operate volume control, if there is one -how to insert aid and take it off -cleaning -use of remote control or bluetooth (if applicable) -troubleshooting |
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What is this: An amplification system that is typically used in classrooms to improve the SNR for students, due to poor classroom acoustics.
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FM system
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True or false: FM systems can be used by themselves or dovetailed to a personal hearing aid.
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True
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Why do we use FM systems?
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-noise and reverberation
-distance |
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What 4 factors influence speech perception?
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-hearing loss
-noise -reverberation -distance |
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What is the typical SNR for classrooms?
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0-5 dB
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True or false: Personal hearing aids are sufficient for deaf and hard of hearing children to use in the classroom.
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False; they amplify both speech and background noise in the environment. This limits their effectiveness.
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How many dB does sound decrease for every doubling of distance?
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6 dB
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The speech signal not only is attenuated as it travels, but it also becomes embedded in the _______________ and _______________. This creates a difficult listening scenario for the child in the classroom who wears a conventional hearing aid.
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background noise and reverberation
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What are the advantages of FM systems?
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-constant favorable SNR
-mobility between speaker/listener -compatibility with personal hearing aids -portability -can be packaged in a BTE unit |
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How is Constant Favorable SNR achieved?
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conceptually, it is achieved because the input to the system (microphone) is placed close to the speaker (teacher or student's mouth). In hearing aids the input is located at a distance far removed from the speaker.
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Research has demonstrated that FM systems provide an improvement in SNR of ___ to _____ dB over conventional hearing aids.
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+10 to +15 dB
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FM systems are capable of providing a SNR of ___ to ___ dB, provided they are used appropriately.
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+15 to +20 dB
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True or false: FM systems operate on the same principle as an FM radio.
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True
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In FM system operation, the teachers voice is broadcast from a _______________ on a radio frequency to a __________________ worn by the student, which is set like a radio or TV to the same channel as the transmitting device from the teacher.
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-transmitting device
-receiving unit |
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What radio frequencies do the majority of FM systems used in educational systems operate on?
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216-217 MHz (also called N-band)
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By whom AND for what did the radio frequencies/N-bands used for FM systems get reserved for?
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-by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
-for Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) |
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For FM systems, it is important to remember to tune the transmitter and the receiver to what?
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the same frequency
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True or false: Sometimes, newer "radio technologies" such as pagers and cell phones interfere with the FM systems.
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True
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What are some outside interference sources for FM systems?
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-radios
-cell phones -fax machines -pagers |
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What are some inside interference sources for FM systems?
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-computer screens
-walls/metal -lights -wiring -internet cable systems |
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What is the transmitting range for FM systems?
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indoors within a normal room is at least 7 meters, and perhaps up to 15 meters
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What might the transmission range for FM systems be affected by?
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-metal barriers
-condition of batteries in FM and aids -local interference -radio transmission |
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Who wears the microphones/transmitters for FM systems?
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the teacher; most use a clip-on lapel or headworn boom microphone attached via cord (the antenna) to the transmitter
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What are the different types of microphones for FM systems?
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-omnidirectional (equally sensitive to all information around microphone)
-directional -zoom -super zoom |
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What public places might have automatic synchronization via a wall pilot for the FM system to the aid?
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-theaters
-auditoriums -seminar rooms -churches -museums -theme parks |
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Who wears the receiver as part of an FM system?
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the student; all have volume controls
-some have environmental microphones that allow the student to receive the FM signal from the teacher, and at the same time monitor their immediate acoustic environment |
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What are the 3 types of receivers for FM systems?
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-personal (hooked to child's personal HA)
-self contained (used in place of HA. there are internal controls) -BTE (these are FM and HAs in a BTE hearing aid case) |
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Currently, the majority of FM systems are fit using what type of receiver?
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BTE
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What are the 2 leading wireless FM companies?
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-Phonak and Oticon
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What are the coupling options for personal FM systems for those who do not use BTE receivers?
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-earphones/buds (typically for mild or unilateral HL or normal hearing with central auditory problems)
-neckloop (HA must have t-coil, not good for severe and profound HL) -direct audio input |
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What other technologies can be used with FM systems?
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stereos and tvs
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What is the power source for FM systems?
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typically rechargable batteries
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What are the types of batteries typically used with FM systems?
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-nickel cadmium (memory problems)
-nickel-metal-hydroxide (NiMH) (better life, faster discharge rate, no memory problems) -lithium (used in computers, too expensive) |
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What are some things to keep in mind for FM systems? (6)
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-receiver must receive power from HI battery
-must have audio input to HI -must have working HI -receiver must be set to transmitting frequency (channel) -transmitter must have proper antenna -transmitter and microphone must be turned on and working |
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What are 4 manufacturers of FM systems?
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-Phonak (Micro-Link)
-AVR Sonovation/ Logicom Xp -Oticon (Amigo) -Comtek/ Audio Enhancement (inexpensive) |
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Who is responsible for the care and maintenance of the FM systems used in educational settings?
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the school
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For BTE receivers used in FM systems, what cost issue is a controversy currently in educational settings?
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who is responsible for the cost of the FM receiver, the parents or the school?
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Who purchases the microphone/transmitter unit for educational settings?
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the school
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