Auburn Biol 3010 Test 1

Front 1

Who coined the word dinosaur, promoted archetypes, and founded the British Museum of Natural History?

Back 1

Richard Owen

Front 2

The common plan or blueprint that all vertebrates were built along.

Back 2

Archetype

Front 3

Who discovered the hypothesis, the Inheritance of acquired characteristics?

Back 3

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Front 4

What was the first evolutionary hypothesis?

Back 4

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Front 5

What is the name of the line that splits the Australian and Southeast Asian faunas and floras and who created it?

Back 5

Wallace's Line by Alfred Russel Wallace

Front 6

What term used to be used instead of evolution?

Back 6

Transmutation

Front 7

What was the name of the ship that Darwin sailed on and who was the captain?

Back 7

The Beagle captained by Captain Robert Fitzroy

Front 8

Who did Darwin collaborate with on the paper on evolution?

Back 8

Alfred Wallace

Front 9

What are the six parts of the Logic of Natural Selection?

Back 9

1). IF there are organisms that reproduce, and
2). IF offspring inherit traits from their progenitor(s), and
3).IF there is variability of traits, and
4). IF the environment cannot support all members of a growing population,
5). THEN those members of the population with less-adaptive traits (determined by the environment) will die out, and
6). THEN those members with more-adaptive traits (determined by the environment) will thrive.

Front 10

A statement of relationships

Back 10

Phylogeny

Front 11

What are humans most closely related to?

Back 11

Bonobos and chimps

Front 12

Correspondence in function or position between organs or dissimilar evolutionary origin or structure. Same function, different origin.

Back 12

Analogy

Front 13

Correspondence in evolutionary origin. Same origin, not necessarily same function.

Back 13

Homology

Front 14

Sum of convergences, parallelism, and reversals.

Back 14

Homoplasy

Front 15

Two unrelated organisms evolving the same structure. Ex: bird wings and bat wings.

Back 15

Convergence

Front 16

Two sister species evolve the same structure independently. It is almost impossible to test.

Back 16

Parallelism

Front 17

A species reverts back to a less derived state. Ex: the development of collar bones in mammals.

Back 17

Reversal

Front 18

A group on a phylogenetic tree consisting of all descendents of the group's most recent common ancestor.

Back 18

Monophyletic group

Front 19

A group on a phylogenetic tree consisting of the group's most recent common ancestor, but not all descendents.

Back 19

Paraphyletic group

Front 20

A group on a phylogenetic tree consisting of two or more groups, but not the group's most recent common ancestor nor all of its descendents.

Back 20

Polyphyletic group

Front 21

A derived characteristic

Back 21

Apomorphy

Front 22

A shared derived characteristic

Back 22

Synapomorphy

Front 23

A primitive characteristic

Back 23

Plesiomorphy

Front 24

A shared primitive characteristic

Back 24

Symplesiomorphy

Front 25

What is the only useful characteristic for building a tree?

Back 25

Synapomorphies

Front 26

What is the name for the Principle of Parsimony?

Back 26

Occam's Razor

Front 27

What is the order of the eras in the geological time scale?

Back 27

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Front 28

What is the name for the study of fossils?

Back 28

Taphonomy

Front 29

What are the seven types of fossils?

Back 29

Molds, Carbonization, Permineralizations, Replacement, Mummification, Freezing, and Amber

Front 30

What is it called when organisms dissolve leaving only a carbon imprint?

Back 30

Carbonization (rare in craniates)

Front 31

What is it called when calcites and silicates profuse into hard substances like bone, making it harder?

Back 31

Permineralizations (most common)

Front 32

What is it called when calcites and silicates eventually can replace the entire hard structure?

Back 32

Replacement

Front 33

What is is called when a fossil is formed from drying?

Back 33

Mummification (rare but there are some mummified dinosaurs)

Front 34

What is it called when a fossil is formed from animals being buried in tree resin?

Back 34

Amber (rare for craniates)

Front 35

What is the relative position in rock?

Back 35

Stratigraphy

Front 36

Common fossils of known age

Back 36

Index Fossils

Front 37

A complex set of methods using radioactive decay, quantum spin of electrons, etc.

Back 37

Radiometric Methods

Front 38

What method would you most likely use to date a human artifact?

Back 38

Radiocarbon

Front 39

A notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and a postanal tail are all definitive synapomorphies for what?

Back 39

Chordates