Atypical Child Anxiety Chap. 7 Pt.1

Front 1

Anxiety

Back 1

negative emotion and fear

Front 2

3 interrelated anxiety response systems

Back 2

Physical - fight/flight response, mediated by the sympathetic nervous system
Heart races, skin gets clammy, sweat

Cognitive – hyper vigilance, nervousness, difficulty concentrating, thoughts of scary stuff
“what’s that?”

Behavioral - aggression and/or avoidance
Ever get really tired right before you are supposed to start studying, or decide to clean out your closets the day before you take the GRE?

Front 3

Symptoms of Anxiety

Back 3

Physical: increased heart rate, fatigue, nausea, heart palpitation.

Cognitive: Thoughts of being hurt or scared, self-deprecating or self-critical thoughts. Thoughts of inadequacy, difficulting concentrating. Thoughts of going crazy

Behavorial: Avoidance, crying, nailbiting, stuttering, fidgeting, immobility, thumbsucking, clenched jaw

Front 4

What is the main communication point of anxiety in the brain?

Back 4

Basolateral Amygdala

Front 5

Orbital Frontal Cortex

Back 5

choice of memory of emotinal events

Front 6

Hippocampus

Back 6

Memory consolidation of emotional events and spatial learning

Front 7

Dorsal & Ventral Striatum

Back 7

Instrumental approach or avoidance behavior

Front 8

Central N. Amygdala

Back 8

Autonomic, somatic signs of fear. Attention to significant stimuli.

Front 9

Laternal BNST

Back 9

Autonomic, somatic signs of anxiety

Front 10

Worry

Back 10

Worry is the cognitive process of thinking about negative outcomes. Can be benefical if it movtivates behavior.

Front 11

Central Feature of Anxiety

Back 11

Worry is a central feature of anxiety. Children with anxiety worry with more intensity.

Front 12

How are anxiety disorders created?

Back 12

They are classically and operantlly conditioned behavioral responses

Front 13

Classical Conditioning and Anxiety

Back 13

An emotion/behavior becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus

Front 14

Operant Conditioning and Anxiety

Back 14

The consequences of a behavior change the frequency with which the behavior is expressed

Front 15

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Back 15

Age inappropriate, excessive anxiety about being apart from parents or away from home. Onset before 18 years of age. Earliest onset 7-9 years.

Front 16

SAD and Comorbidity

Back 16

SAD is one of the most common anxiety disorders

As many as 2/3 of kids with SAD will have a second anxiety disorder

Up to half of kids with SAD will have a depressive episode

Front 17

The ABCs of SAD

Back 17

A common issue for kids with SAD is school refusal

Front 18

Risk Factors for SAD

Back 18

Kids that experience stressful events in the home are most likely to develop SAD

Children with military parents on active duty are at higher risk for SAD

Front 19

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (3)

Back 19

Excessive anxiety and worry about numerous events, occurring most days

Worry excessively about minor things

Often accompanied by physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomachaches, tension)

Front 20

Persistence of GAD

Back 20

The initial severity of GAD symptoms may contribute to the overall severity of the disorder

Front 21

Specific Phobia

Back 21

Extreme fear of specific objects or situations
Often leads to avoidance or disruptions
May not realize the fear is unreasonable

Front 22

Biological Basis for Fear Learning

Back 22

We may be biologically inclined to make some associations (food and nausea, fear of heights) than others (light and nausea, fear of flowers)

Front 23

Social Phobia

Back 23

Persistent fear of being the focus of attention or doing something humiliating

Children with social phobias are more likely to be highly emotional, socially fearful and inhibited, sad, and lonely

Age of onset often early to mid-adolescence

Front 24

Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)

Back 24

These kids may avoid social interactions for fear of ridicule

Front 25

Selective Mutism

Back 25

Children who show normal language abilities in some contexts but choose not to speak in other contexts. Results of trauma

Front 26

SSRI’s

Back 26

SSRIs (like Prozac) work by blocking the reuptake of Serotonin thus increasing the amount of synaptic serotonin

Front 27

SSRI increase what to reduce anxiety

Back 27

SSRIs increase neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and this is thought to be how it reduces anxiety

Front 28

Propranolol

Back 28

an antagonist of adrenaline Beta Receptors