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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is separation protest? |
How much a child is upset by the absence of their primary care giver. |
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What is stranger anxiety? |
How afraid the child is in the presence of a stranger. |
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Who carried out the 1960's experiment into attachment? |
Ainsworth (female) |
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How old were the children in Ainsworth's experiment? |
12-18 months |
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What were the stages of the Strange Situations experiment (Ainsworth 1960's) |
1. Mothers and children entered the lab 2. Infant played with toys whilst mother was still there. 3. A stranger entered the lab and the mother left 4. Stranger tried to comfort the infant 5. Mother returned and stranger left 6. Mother comforts infant and then leaves again 7. Child is left alone for a short period of time 8. Stranger returns and tries to interact with child 9. Finally, mother returns and picks up child while stranger leaves |
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What is the most common attachment? |
Secure at 70% in SS ex. |
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What are the 3 attachment types? |
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure ambivalent. |
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How did secure attached kids react in the SS ex. ? |
-Explored and played whilst mother was present -Showed signs of distress when she went - Allowed stranger to comfort them but preferred mother |
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How did avoidant kids react to the SS ex. ? |
-Didn't pay much attention to mother -Not too distressed when she left the room -Easily comforted by stranger -Ignore mother when she returned |
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How did ambivalent kids react to the SS ex. ? |
-Not stray far from mother whilst playing -Seek her but sometimes resist her -Very difficult for strangers to comfort them -Want attention but sometimes push mother away once they got it |
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Summarise Bowlby's theory |
-Babies form a special attachment to the one who cares for them most, this is monotropy. -Attachment forms in the first 3 years, preferably in the first, this is the critical period. -When a child does not form any attachment, it's called privation. -When a child forms a bond that's later broken it's called deprivation. |
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What are the criticisms of Bowlby's theory? |
-Critics said kids make multiple attachments -Critical period is too extreme; there may be a sensitive period but it's not rigid. -Impacts of deprivation can be reversed! Two Czech twins were locked up and abused after their mother's death but later were adopted and went on to have successful marriages. -Attachment is argued to be based on learning rather than instinct. |
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What is the alternative theory? |
That relationships are built on learning and enforcement. That it comes from feedback and consequences: a child smiles at a parent and gets back positive feedback like a smile or a hug. |
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Core study summary? |
Hazen and Shaver took an opportunity sample of 14-82 year olds in the USA. It was advertised in the local newspaper and people sent in their quizzes. Their attachment type was assessed with a checklist and their attitude to their most important love relationship with a series of multi-choice questions. 1200 replied were sent, 620 analysed. |
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Results of the core study? |
56% secure, 25% avoidant and 19% ambivalent. Secure had happy relationships. Avoidant were afraid of jealously & experienced highs and lows. Ambivalent were obsessed, experiencing extreme sexual attraction and jealousy. Long term impacts of attachment in youth were present. Duh. |
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Limitations of Hazen and Shaver's Love Quiz? |
-Unrepresentative sample -Relies too much on honesty -Questions were closed so couldn't be explained or elaborated on. |
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What are some applications? |
-In hospitals, mothers are given their babies immediately after birth to make skin-to-skin contact & begin the bond. Babies can sleep by their mother's bedside. -With ill children, parents can sometimes sleep over with them and stay with them in hospital. If not, the visiting hours are now more flexible. -There are organisations that help with parenting. -In nurseries, they keep long-term staff so as to form an attachment. |
