Attachment

Front 1

Adaptive

Back 1

Adaptive behavior is a type of behavior that is used to adapt to another type of behavior or situation

Front 2

Affectional

Back 2

Ways in which someone shows their likeness and love to another person

Front 3

Attachment

Back 3

A reciprocal emotional bond between a child and primary caregiver.

Front 4

Behavioural categories*

Back 4

Behaviours that are put into certian catergories so they can be reviewed easily and save time.

Front 5

Classical conditioning

Back 5

Where somebody learns to associate two things by experiencing them together - e.g. Pavlov's dog associated the bell with food.

Front 6

Collectivist culture

Back 6

Any culture that places more value on the collective rather than the individual and, interdependence rather than independence

Front 7

Continuity hypothesis

Back 7

The theory that there is a link between the early attachment relationship and later relationships.

Front 8

Controlled observation*

Back 8

Controlled observation is a type of observational study where the conditions are contrived by the researcher.

Front 9

Covert observation*

Back 9

Where the researcher does not infrom participants of research information. Invloves ethical issues.

Front 10

Cross-cultural study

Back 10

Studies that are carried out in different cultures. Classes or over the world.

Front 11

Deprivation dwarfism

Back 11

With an insecure base mental redartation in children but can also stunt physical growth.

Front 12

Disinhibited attachment disorder

Back 12

A type of disorganised attachment where children do not discriminate between people of attachment figures

Front 13

Event sampling*

Back 13

Observations that focus on events to build up a pattern of behaviour.

Front 14

Evolution

Back 14

Things evolve and change to adapt and survive.

Front 15

Imprinting

Back 15

An innate desire for e.g. geese to form a bond with the first object they see - usual the mother.

Front 16

Individualistic culture

Back 16

A culture whose members are inclined to put their own interests and those of their immediate families ahead of social concerns.

Front 17

Innate

Back 17

Characteristics that are inborn due to genetic factors

Front 18

Insecure - avoidant

Back 18

Attachment characteristics in children who tend to avoid social interaction and intimacy with others.

Front 19

Insecure – disorganised

Back 19

Depends on the consistency of an attachment behaviour. Lack in social behaviour.

Front 20

Insecure - resistant

Back 20

Attachment characteristics those who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction.

Front 21

Internal working model

Back 21

A schema of relationships developed from the first attachment relationship - helps to predict and control

Front 22

Learning theory of attachment

Back 22

The idea that you learn to become attached after birth through the processes of classical and operant conditioning.

Front 23

Monotropy

Back 23

Bowlby's theory that one special bond enables later emotional development

Front 24

Naturalistic observation*

Back 24

Naturalistic observation is a type of observational study where participants’ spontaneous behaviour is recorded in their own environment. They have high ecological validity.

Front 25

Operant conditioning

Back 25

Learning whether your own actions are likely to be reinforced by rewards or inhibited by punishments.

Front 26

Overt observation*

Back 26

An obervation where the researcher is open to participants on the research purposes.

Front 27

Primary attachment figure

Back 27

The person that a baby first forms a bond with.

Front 28

Privation

Back 28

lack of having any attachments due to the faliure to develop attachments in early life.

Front 29

Punishment

Back 29

Where doing something wrong can involve something nasty happening to us. Behaviour can teach is this.

Front 30

Reactive attachment disorder

Back 30

A problem with social interaction that occurs when a child's basic physical and emotional needs are neglected

Front 31

Reinforcement

Back 31

Doing something good in our behaviour and getting rewards show, to show the behaviour is good.

Front 32

Response

Back 32

In terms of attachment how resposivess the mother is to the baby when he/she crys.

Front 33

Sampling procedures*

Back 33

The way in which reseach is conducted what type of participants are to be used?

Front 34

Secure attachment

Back 34

A strong attachment that infant and caregiver have. This will result in healthy emotional development.

Front 35

Secure base

Back 35

A sense of security provided by the attachment figure which enables the baby to explore its surroundings.

Front 36

Sensitive period

Back 36

The period in which a baby is biologically most successful in forming an attachment - Bowlby said 2nd 3 months

Front 37

Separation anxiety

Back 37

Distress shown by infant when seperated from their primary caregiver

Front 38

Social releasers

Back 38

Behaviours - e.g crying and cooing - which help the 'mother' and child to form a bond by eliciting appropriate behaviour from the 'mother'

Front 39

Stimulus

Back 39

where things can be related to them. They can be unconditioned (mean nothing) or conditioned as in pavlovs dogs.

Front 40

Strange Situation

Back 40

Where a child is left by themeselves and approached by stranger to test for attachment types. Conducted by Ainsworth and Bell

Front 41

Stranger anxiety

Back 41

The distress shown by an infant when approached or held by someone unfamiliar.

Front 42

Structured observations*

Back 42

Is where the researcher knows what they want to find out while observing the participant.

Front 43

Time sampling*

Back 43

Usually fixed at regular intervals of time.

Front 44

Unstructured observations*

Back 44

Observations where the the researcher doesn't know what they are looking for.

Front 45

7 Key Terms in Bowlby's Theory

Back 45

Innate; continuity hypothesis; imprinting; internal working model; monotropy; sensitive period; social releasers