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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 forces that can cause a fracture?
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compression, tension & shear
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What is the other term for a "compression" fracture?
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impaction fracture
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What type of fracture does not show a radiolucent line, but rather a radioopaque line?
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impaction/compression fx
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What are the 2 types of impaction fractures?
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Depression & Compression
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What are the two types of stress fractures?
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Fatigue and Insufficiency
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What is a fatigue stress fracture commonly called in the foot?
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March fx
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Trabecular microfractures are also known as a ____ ______.
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bone bruise
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T/F Osteomalacia is a deficiency in quantity of the bone.
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False
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T/F Osteomalacia is a deficiency in the quality of the bone.
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True
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What type of fracture is one due to osteoporosis?
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pathological fx (although an insufficency stress fx can result too)
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Complete displacement of a slightly moveable joint is called _______?
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diastasis
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Define a dislocation
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complete loss of articular congruity
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What orientation term describes a fracture of a flat bone or patella where the line extends radially from a center point?
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Stellate
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A fracture that has one or more fracture lines or segments is called a ___________ fracture *** TQ
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comminuted
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What is the term for a distal fragment of a fracture that tilts anteriorly?
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Smith fracture
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What is the term for a distal fragment of a fracture that tilts posteriorly?
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Colles fracture
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What is the overriding condition?
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Osteochondritis dessicans
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What kind of fragment is seen here (the largest fragment)?
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Butterfly fragment
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Fully describe this fracture (type and location)
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comminuted fx of the proximal tibial diaphysis
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Describe the fracture (location, type, patient)
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avulsion fx of the styloid process of ulna in a skeletally immature patient
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What type of fracture is shown here?
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avulsion fracture (of volar plate)
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What kind of fracture is shown here?
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impaction
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What kind of fracture is seen here?
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compression/burst fx of vertebral body
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What type of fracture is seen here? (type, location, patient)
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Torus or Buckle fracture in distal radius in ~7 YOM
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What type of fracture is seen here?
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Transverse fx
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What pre-existing bone pathology is seen in the femur?
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Paget's dz
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What type of fracture is seen here on the 3rd MTP?
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stress fx aka march fx
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Where is the location of the osseous deformity, and what's it called?
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stress fx of proximal tibia
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What is the most common stress fracture of the spine?
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L5 Pars
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What is the AKA for a Jones fracture?
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dancer's fracture
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A Jones fracture is a fracture where?
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base of the fifth metatarsal
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What are the two MOI's of a Dancer's/Jones fracture?
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1. traction from peroneus brevis tendon
2. lateral cord of the plantar aponeurosis with foot forcefully inverted & plantar flexed |
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What metatarsals are usually affected in a March fracture?
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2nd & 3rd
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What's another name for a stress fracture of the 2nd & 3rd metatarsals?
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march fracture
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________ ____ is a linear radiolucency beneath the cortex of the talar dome - indicates an intact blood supply
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Hawkin's sign
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What sign is a good prognosticator of an intact blood supply in a talus fracture?
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Hawkin's sign
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What is fractured in an Aviator's fracture?
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Talar neck
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A vertical fracture of the talar neck is known as what fracture?
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Aviator's fx
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What is the 2nd most common fracture of the foot?
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Aviator's fracture (vertical Talar neck fx)
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What is the most common tarsal bone to fracture?
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Calcaneus
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What is the angle used to measure a calcaneus fracture called? What's the normal range?
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Boehler's angle
28-40 degrees is normal, less than 28 indicates fracture |
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Which of the following is not one of the Ottawa Ankle rules?
Ankle pain and.. a. bone tenderness along distal 6cm of tibia/medial malleolus b. bone tenderness along distal 6cm of fibula/lateral malleolus c. inability to bear weight for 4 steps immediately & in clinic d. inability to bear weight for 4 steps in the clinic only. |
d. inability to bear weight for 4 steps in the clinic only
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According to the Lauge-Hansen system, what type of force causing ankle fracture is considered stable?
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Supination-Adduction (SA)
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According to the Lauge-Hansen system, what is the most common force that causes ankle fractures?
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Supination-External Rotation (SER)
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An alternative name for a trimalleolar fracture is?
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Cotton's fracture
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What two ankle fractures are most commonly associated with PER forces? (pronation + external rotation)
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Pott's fracture, Dupuytren's fracture
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What is the name of a fracture of the proximal fibula, that often only shows widening of the clear space on conventional x-rays?
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Maisonneuve's fracture
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A fibula fracture within 6-7 cm above medial malleolus + distal tibiofibular ligaments = ???
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Pott's fracture
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The Danis-Weber B fracture is most commonly related to what Lauge-Hansen force?
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SER - supination-external rotation
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What Lauge-Hansen force is associated with the Danis Weber A fracture?
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SA - supination-adduction
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What are the names of the 3 types of Danis-Weber classifications?
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A, B & C
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The Danis-Weber systems classifies fractures in what area?
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Ankle
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What Danis-Weber fracture occurs at the level of the tibiotalar joint?
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Type B
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What Danis-Weber fracture occurs below the tibiotalar joint?
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Type A
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What Danis-Weber fracture occurs above the tibiotalar joint?
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Type C
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What is the most common direction of dislocation for the patella?
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Lateral
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What joint is most likely to display a Lipohemarthrosis sign?
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knee
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A fat-fluid level secondary to an intra-articular fracture is known as _______________.
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Lipohemarthrosis
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Describe a Segond fracture
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avulsion fx at the lateral tibial condyle from the TFL's insertion
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An avulsion fracture at the insertion of the TFL is known as what fracture?
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Segond
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What is a major complication of a Segond fracture?
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ACL tear
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A fracture of the tibial plateau either laterally or medially is called a ________ fracture?
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Bumper's fracture
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What is the most common type of Bumper's fracture?
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Lateral plateau (80%)
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What is the MOI for a Bumper's fracture?
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Axial compression + valgus forces
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What is the most common fracture type of the patella?
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Transverse (50-80%)
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What congenital anomaly needs to be ruled out before diagnosing a fractured patella?
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bipartite patella (check superior lateral aspect of patella)
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What is the most common type of hip dislocation?
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Posterior
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A posterior rim fracture of the acetabulum is also known as what?
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Dashboard fracture
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Describe a dashboard fracture
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posterior rim fx of the acetabulum
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What type of dislocation of the hip looks like the femoral head lies near the obturator foramen?
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Dashboard fx
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SCFE is what type of Salter Harris fracture?
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Type 1
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What are the AKA's for Slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
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adolescent coxa vara, epiphyseal coxa vara
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What view is the best to see SCFE?
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Frog-leg view
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What is considered the most common disorder of the adolescent hip?
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SCFE
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What is the classic presentation of someone with SCFE?
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Onset of lymph + hip pain + pain referred to knee + adolescent
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What is the classic presentation of someone with slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
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lymph onset + hip pain referring to knee pain + adolescent
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Which is not a radiographic feature seen in someone with SCFE?
a. Waldenstrom's sign b. Parrot's beak appearance c. Herndon's hump d. pistol grip deformity e. all of the above are seen f. none of the above are seen |
e. all of the above
Waldenstrom, parrot, hump, pistol |
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In a patient with SCFE, where is the most common location of pain initially?
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Knee/Thigh (even though it's a hip lesion)
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What type of proximal femoral fracture is a MAJOR indicator of bony Mets in an adult?
a. intracapsular mid-cervical b. intracapsular subcapital c. extracapsular trochanteric d. extracapsular intertrochanteric e. extracapsular subtrochanteric |
c. extracapsular trochanteric
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What is the most common complication following an intracapsular femoral fracture?
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avascular necrosis (Bo Jackson)
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What is the most common type of femoral neck fracture?
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intracapsular subcapital
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What is the most common extracapsular fracture of the proximal femur?
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intertrochanteric
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Women who have increased use of what mineral are showing a predisposition for extracapsular subtrochanteric femoral fractures?
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bisphosphatate (boniva)
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Studies now show that chicks taking Boniva for more than 5 years are more likely to have what type of fracture?
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extracapsular subtrochanteric proximal femur fractures
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Most lesser trochanter fractures of the femur are secondary to what in adults?
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metastatic lesions
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Which is more concerning? A 12 year old or a 31 year old patient presenting with a fracture of their femur's lesser trochanter?
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31 year old = major indicator of a metastatic lesion.. not so much in children.
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