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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ankle sprains |
lateral ligaments of the ankle. Calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular, and anterior talofibular |
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gometiometer measures the? |
ankle |
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the athletic trainer shouldnt be concerned with just the .... |
injured body part |
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A.T.C.I.S.I.T. |
Avoid aggravation (Do NO Harm) Timing Compliance Individualization Specific Sequencing Intensity Total Patient |
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Rehabilitation Objectives |
treat the whole patient prevent deconditioning rehabilitate the injury body part |
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Rehabilitation Goals |
Should be objective and measurable. Should have one for every deficiency found. Long term goals. Short term goals. |
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Primary Team Members |
athletic trainer Physician: specialists patient psychologist physical therapy |
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Secondary Team Members |
EMT Pharmacist Exercise Physiologist Nutritionist Supervisor Peers
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healing: recovery |
use of physical agents and/or techniques (therapeutic modalities), determine exercises; extent of activity; progression (therapeutic exercise), appropriateness of medication (pharmacology), return to function |
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healing concepts |
understand phases/time frames physiological changes associated with each phase. healing is a continuum. must create a conductive environment for healing. |
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phase 1 |
inflammatory response phase. healing begins immediately. injury results in altered metabolism and liberation of various materials. initial reaction by leukocytes and phagocytic cells. |
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phase 2 |
fibroblastic repair phase. period of scar formation. collagen proliferates, tensile strength increases in proportion of collagen synthesis. as tensile strength increases the number of fibroblasts diminish signal beginning of maturation phase. pain, swelling, tenderness decrease |
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phase 3 |
maturation and remodeling phase. long term process; may require several years to complete. realignment of collagen relative to applied tensile forces. continued breakdown and synthesis of collagen= increased strength. |
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cardinal signs of inflammation |
loss of function (function laesa) pain (dolor) heat (color) swelling (tumor) redness (rubor) |
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DAPRE |
Daily Adjusted Progressive Resistance Exercise |
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goal of recovery |
protect, localize, decrease injurious agents, and prepare for healing and repair |
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thermotherapy |
heat. increase collagen extensibility; decreasing joint stiffness; reducing pain; relieving muscle spasm; reduction of edema and swelling; increasing blood flow. |
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cryotherapy |
cold therapy. vasoconstriction; decrease extent of hypoxic injury to cells; decreased metabolic rate; decrease muscle spasm; decrease free nerve ending and peripheral nerve excitability; analgesia caused by raising nerve threshold. |
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manual therapy |
massage, myofascial release, muscle energy, and joint mobilization. |
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flexibility and ROM (range of motion) |
stretching= active, passive, PNF. use assistive devices= continuous passive motion machine, splints |
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strength and muscular endurance |
maximal force a muscle group can exert, strength applied over a distance for a specific amount of time, ability of a muscle to perform repetitive contraction against a less than maximal load. |
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Static- |
isometric (same length) |
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dynamic- |
isotonic (same contraction) concentric and eccentric |
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isokinetic |
same motion |
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proprioception: agility, balance, and coordination |
the body's ability to transmit afferent information regarding position sense, to interpret the information, and to respond consciously or unconsciously to stimulation through posture and movement. |
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PNF |
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation |
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methods to improve strength |
manual resistance elastic bands body weight free weights machines |
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open kinetic chain |
distal segment moves freely in space |
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closed kinetic chain |
distal segment is weight bearing and the body moves over the hand and foot. |
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principle of strengthening exercises |
little to no pain. progressive overload, SAIDS principle |
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S.A.I.D. |
specific adaptation to improve demands |
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components of Proprioception |
Balance
Coordination
Agility |
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Balance |
body's ability to maintain equilibrium by controlling the body's center of gravity over it base of support. |
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Coordination |
Complex process by which a smooth pattern of activity is produced through a combination of muscles acting together with appropriate intensity and timing. |
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agility |
the power of moving quickly and easily; nimbleness |
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plyometrics |
once all of aforementioned met can work on explosiveness, rapid directional change, and force production. |
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functional and sport specific exercise |
prepare participant to withstand specific stresses of sport or work and meet skill demand, improve confidence, functional activity.
functional activity- ADLs and precedes sport specific activity
sport specific activity including drills |
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pharmocology |
branch of medicine that deals with the uses, effects, and actions of drugs |
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pharmacotherapeutics |
study of the effects of drugs on the body |
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OTC |
can be purchased without the need of an prescription |
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prescription drug |
have to be written and given to you from your doctor |
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banned substances |
Sports drug testing: sudafed caffeine
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how can drugs be indentified |
chemical name- chemical structure of the compound
generic name- shorter name
trade name- name a manufacturing company assigns to a drug
OTC
Prescription |
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how do drugs work |
drug enters the body, crosses a cells membrane, circulatory system spreads drug throughout the body, and finally product if excreted. |
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non-desired effects of medication |
side effects drug allergies- toxic and allergic drug interactions- interaction inhibiting potency or increasing potency |
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drug testing |
established by each team, institution, organization, company, etc. typically done via urine test positive test reported and sanctions applied |
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drugs for inflammation |
acetylsalicylic acid (asprin) NSAID |
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NSAID |
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
frequently used for pain, fever, and inflammation |
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anesthetics |
contains several drugs that leaves the patient unconscious or totally relaxed. |
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electrotherapy |
electric therapy electrodes are placed on or near the area of pain and soothing pulses are sent to the electrodes through the skin and along the nerve fibers. The pulses suppress pain signals to the brain. encourages the body to produce higher levels of its own natural pain killing chemicals |
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ultrasound therapy |
desired effects include burning feeling, cavitation is caused by the heating of the gas contained in tissue cell nuclei. This can result in difficulty breathing, dizziness, nausea and disorientation. |