Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pressure flight instruments (3)
|
ASI / MM
Altimeter VSI |
|
Pressure instruments measure … by using the …., which is a ... system
|
atmospheric pressure
pitot-static system combined sensor |
|
pitot-static system detects (2)
|
total pressure (pitot)
Static pressure alone |
|
The ASI measures ... as the difference between
the ... measured in the instrument's capsule/diaphragm and the ... measured in the case. |
dynamic pressure
total pitot pressure static pressure |
|
airspeed indicator (ASI) instrument errors
|
PIM
Density Compressibility Blockage |
|
VMO display @ ASI
|
redlblack striped pointer
|
|
Mach meter is a combined … and ...
|
airspeed indicator
altimeter |
|
Mach meter measures the ... relative to ....
|
airspeed
the speed of sound |
|
Mach meter has (1) :
A capsule feed with ... inside an ... feed case that acts as an ... and measures ... |
pitot pressure
ambient static pressure ASI dynamic pressure |
|
Mach meter has (2) :
A sealed capsule containing ... inside the ... feed case, which acts as an ... by measuring the ... |
ISA MSL conditions
ambient static pressure altimeter static pressure |
|
Mach meter ratio ?
|
Dynamic Px / Static Px
|
|
the two functions inside the Mach meter are linked via a ... that itself acts on a … to ultimately move the pointer
|
ratio arm
ranging arm |
|
No … input @ Mach Meter bcz
... |
temp
mathematically proven MM = Dynamic Px / Static Px |
|
Mach meter Errors :
(3) no … and … errors |
Instrument
Px error (also Position / config) Blockage density / compressibility |
|
IMR is mach no. corrected for …
TMN is corrected for ... |
instrument error
static & position |
|
Mach meter components (3)
|
one Capsule fed with P+S
one Capsule filled with ISA MSL one Case fed with S |
|
Actions @ Pitot/Static blockage
|
anti ice
alternate use limited panel fly constant alt/power setting |
|
Altimeter has a … filled with ….
and a …. fed with ... |
aneroid capsule
ISA MSL conditions case / ambient static pressure |
|
A subscale setting device is included in Altimeters so that the instrument can be ... to ...
|
zeroed
various datum elevations |
|
Airfield QFE is measured at the ………...
|
highest point on the airfield
|
|
Touchdown QFE is measured at the ………….
is use for ... |
touchdown point of the runway
precision approaches. |
|
QNE is not … but is the ... on the altimeter with ... set on the subscale.
|
an altimeter setting
height shown at touchdown STD |
|
Altimeter Errors (6)
|
Position & Instrument
Temp / Density / Barometric Time lag Blockage |
|
@ static blockage the altimeter will display …….
|
the altitude where the blockage occurred
|
|
altimeter will …. in a colder than ISA conditions
|
over read (bad)
|
|
servo-assisted altimeters use …. arrangement.
|
an electrically conducted E&I bar
|
|
servo-assisted altimeters advantage:
reduced …. bcz an electric signal ……….. |
lag
transmits capsule changes to pointer . |
|
Sensitive altimeter has …. and a ….
|
2 capsules
vibrator |
|
The VSI instrument measures the ….
|
rate of change of static pressure
|
|
VSI mechanism
static Px is fed to both … and … . However the … is restricted by a .. unit . |
capsule / case
case / metering unit |
|
static pressure feed into the case is ... by a ..., thus creating a ... between the capsule and the case.
|
restricted or slowed
metering unit differential static pressure |
|
VSI instrument errors (3)
|
time lag
Pressure error Maneuver error |
|
The VSI uses a ... display that has a ... at ... of climb or descent values
|
logarithmic scale
greater sensitivity small rate |
|
IVSI uses… which are …. in the static line before the …
causing ... to be sensed due to their inertia |
two dashpots
spring-loaded capsule an immediate differential pressure |
|
IVSI advantage
IVSI disadvantage |
no time lag
initial unreliability @ large AOBs |
|
Static blockage @ (I)VSI
|
zero indication @ all times
|
|
Types of temp measurement
|
Prob → by air stream
flat plate sensors |
|
Types of Temp measuring probes
|
Rosemount
Total head thermometer |
|
Rosemount temp probe
has a …. accrete @ …. |
accurate sensing element
airflow |
|
Total head thermometer
principle : …. |
resistance → prop to temp
controlling an electrical signal |
|
IOAT , TAT, OAT , SAT
relationship |
TAT > IOAT > SAT > OAT
|
|
Air data computer is fed with ….
to calculate ….(4) and to pass these info to ….(5) |
pitot/ static
TAS/ MN/ ROC/ TAT AP/ FDS/ FMS/ GPWS/ Nav aids |
|
gyro flight instruments(3)
|
Directional indicator (DI)
Artificial horizon (AH) Turn and slip indicator |
|
A gyroscope is a …. that possesses the gyroscopic properties ... and ...
|
freely rotating wheel
rigidity precession. |
|
A gyroscope measures the ... on its ... during a maneuver of an aircraft.
|
force experienced
rotor body |
|
The rotor of a gyro is suspended in a system of frames called … which are arranged at ... to each other
|
gimbals
right angles |
|
The gyro's rigidity property allows it to … and its …. to …..
|
remain stable in space
axis of rotation point at constant direction |
|
A gyro's precession is the ……..
causing the gyro to move …. from …… in …. |
change in the orientation of the rotational axis
90 degrees applied force position direction of rotation |
|
In flight , TAT is only a function of … and ... is not considered when calculating OAT
|
ram effect ion of the air entering the probe
pitot heat |
|
gyroscopic wander is ... of the ... away from ...
|
any movement
gyroscope's spin axis its fixed direction |
|
gyroscope caging system is used to …. the gyro ….. thus preventing it from … when ….
and helps …….. after a restart . |
lock / in fixed position
toppling / not in use quick full erection |
|
real wander is also called ...
|
mechanical drift.
|
|
Real wander is when …...
|
the direction of spin axis actually moves
|
|
apparent wander of a gyroscope is due to ….
|
earth rotation
|
|
the degree of apparent wander of a gyroscope varies with … and is …. to it.
|
latitude
proportional |
|
apparent wander formula
|
15 Sin Lat per hour
|
|
a … used to produce an opposite site error to earth's rotation at …… .
|
lat nut
15 Sin Lat per hour |
|
apparent wander correction methods (2)
|
periodically realigning the DI
using a Lat Nut |
|
Real wander reasons (2)
|
induced (lat nut)
imperfections in the gyroscope |
|
Wander in Horizontal is ….
Wander in Vertical is …. |
drift
topple |
|
Transport wander on an uncorrected gyro is caused by …… due to ….
|
ini'l N.alignment being disturbed
E/W movement |
|
Flying …. won't produce Transport wander .
|
N/S
|
|
Gyro's Total wander is ...
|
apparent + transport
|
|
Transport Rate is ………...
|
change in Long/ hr/ sin mean Lat
|
|
Space gyro in a gyro that …..
|
moves in all planes
|
|
Tied gyro moves in …. however …...
|
3 planes freely
controlled spin axis |
|
earth gyro has ….. which is …..
|
spin axis
aligned to local gravity |
|
Rate gyro moves in …..
has a …. response |
2 plane @ 90 deg
|
|
Rate gyro indicates ……….
|
Rate of change of angle vs. time
|
|
Rate integrating gyroscope is a ... with a built in....
|
rate gyro
integrator |
|
Rate integrating gyro is used for its … and …..
|
accuracy
exaggeration of movement |
|
directional indicator (DI) is a gyroscope that displays the ... using a … display .
|
aircraft's heading
compass rose |
|
directional indicator (DI) uses a ….. which is …..
|
tied gyro
tied to the earth's horizontal |
|
directional indicator (DI) has …. gimbals and …. plane of freedom
|
2
3 (gyro's axis + gimbals roll & pitch) |
|
directional indicator (DI)'s gyro is alined to ….
|
T.North
|
|
DI errors (2)
|
gyro system failure
total wander error |
|
DI vs. Magnetic compass
gives …. which is due to …. |
steadier heading information
gyro's rigidity |
|
Artificial Horizon is the …..
displays …. about …. |
primary attitude instrument
roll & pitch info horizon level |
|
Artificial Horizon (AH) has a …. gyro aligned to …..
|
earth
earth's vertical |
|
Artificial Horizon (AH) has … gimbals and … DOF
|
2
two |
|
Artificial Horizon (AH) errors
|
Turning errors
Acceleration errors Real wander (vertical alignment) |
|
Artificial Horizon (AH)
turning error only when passing …. |
90 / 270
(NU / low ) (NU / correct) |
|
failed artificial horizon
indications |
low suction reading
warning flag |
|
failed artificial horizon
action |
re-errect by caging-uncaging
while straight & level constant speed |
|
electrically driven artificial horizons
rotor rotats … @ … RPM |
clockwise
22000 (x2 air driven) |
|
electrically driven artificial horizons:
fast electric erection , therefore no need for ….. |
gyro to be pendulous
|
|
electrically driven artificial horizons:
acceleration / turning errors ? |
reduced / eliminated
(No pendulosity ) |
|
electrically driven artificial horizons:
freedom of pitch/ roll |
-/+ 85 pitch
unlimited roll |
|
attitude directional indicator (ADI) also called ….
It's … ... |
remote AH
servo driven |
|
attitude directional indicator (ADI) is fed from ...
|
INS / IRS
|
|
attitude directional indicator (ADI) advantages
|
no accel / turn errors
dual system → redundancy |
|
Turn → movement about the ….
result → ….. |
aircraft yaw axis
change of direction |
|
Slip → ….. force …. turn
Cause → …. |
lateral
INTO too much bank |
|
Skid → ….. force …. turn
Cause → …. |
lateral
OUT OF insufficient bank |
|
Turn Coordinator uses a …. gyro
with axis aligned with ... |
Rate
AC lateral axis |
|
Turn Coordinator's gyro rotate about a … axis
|
horizontal
|
|
Turn Coordinator has … gimbal pivoted about ….
|
one
AC fore and aft axis |
|
Turn Coordinator gyro system has … DOF
|
Two
spin axis + yaw axis of gimbal |
|
Turn Coordinator's gimbal is …. to … (with respect to turn indicator ) so it's sensitive to ….
|
raised
30 degreas both yaw and roll |
|
Turn indicator gyro suffers form (3)
|
real wander
gyro system failure looping error (inherent des. error) |