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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom |
Smallest unit an element can be reduced to whilst still retaining its properties |
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Electron |
A negatively charged particle that is 1/1800 the mass of a proton. They orbit the nucleus. |
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Nucleus |
The centre of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons, making it the most massive part of an atom. There is only empty space between the nucleus and electrons |
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Protons |
Positively charged particles |
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Neutrons |
Uncharged particles |
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Subatomic particles |
Particles in an atom: electrons, protons, and neutrons |
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Emission Spectrum |
The pattern of light you see that is specific to each element |
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Shells/orbits |
Orbits of the electrons (they can switch between shells) |
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Atomic number |
A number that is specific to each element |
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Mass number/ Atomic mass |
Total number of protons and neutrons Although atomic mass is usually an average of the mass numbers in all naturally occurring isotopes |
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Ion |
A charged atom |
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Negative ion |
Anion. When there are more electrons than protons |
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Positive ion |
Cation. When there's more protons than electrons |
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Bohr diagrams |
Show the shells with electrons and the nucleus with its components. Shell pattern (2, 8, 8, 8) |
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Ion charge |
The charge of an ion |
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Ionic compounds |
When a non metal reacts with a metal and form a bond |
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Electron transfer |
When atoms transfer electrons to other atoms to result in a full last shell |
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Ionic bond |
Metal ions joined with non metal ions |
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Molecules |
2+ atoms joined together They make up molecular compounds |
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Chemical formula |
What a compound is identified by (H2O) |
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Polyatomic ion |
Groups of atoms with a possibly uneven # of protons and electrons, which gives it a charge like an ion. |
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Law of Definite Proportions |
A specific compound always contains the same elements in definite proportions. By Joseph Proust |
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Monovalent |
Only one charge |
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Multivalent |
Multiple charges. Only occur after atomic # 20 |
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Chemical family |
Groups. (Alkali Metals) |
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Alkali metal |
They're found in the first column of the periodic table and are extremely reactive. All have an ion charge of +1. Soft, low density. |
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Alkaline earth metal |
A group that is found in the second column. Have an ion charge of +2, hard, low density, react with air and water. |
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Halogens |
Group 17. Not free in nature. React with most elements. Non-metals. Charge of -1. Toxic in elemental form. |
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Noble gas |
Group 18. Non-reactive,don't readily form ions,colourless |
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J.J. Thomson |
Raisin-bun model Randomly embedded electrons in + matter. Electrons can be removed or added to make charged atoms |
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J.J. Thomson |
Raisin-bun model Randomly embedded electrons in + matter. Electrons can be removed or added to make charged atoms |
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Rutherford |
Discovered the nucleus. Mass of e- is 1/1800 of a proton. Empty space between nucleus and electrons |
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Bohr |
Electrons are in defined shells. E- can't exist between shells. Can gain energy or lose energy to move to higher or lower shells. E- have less energy when closer to the nucleus. Used the emission spectrum to define elements. (Each element has its own "fingerprint") |
