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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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proton |
a positively charged particle located in an atom's nucleus |
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neutron |
a particle that has no electric charge and is located in an atom's nucleus |
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nucleus |
the central region of an atom where most of the atom's mass is found in protons and neutrons |
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electron |
a negatively charged particle located outside an atom's nucleus |
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atomic number |
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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atomic mass number |
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
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isotope |
when an atom of an element has a different number of neutrons than protons |
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ion |
this occurs when an atom loses or gains an electron |
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atomic mass |
the average mass of atoms of an element |
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periodic table |
a table of elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties |
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group |
a vertical column in the periodic table of elements |
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period |
a horizontal row in the periodic table of elements |
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reactive |
likely to undergo a chemical change |
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metal |
an element that tends to be shiny, easily shaped, and a good conductor of electricity and heat |
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nonmetal |
an element that is not a metal and has properties generally opposite to those of a metal |
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metalloid |
an element that is not a metal and has properties generally opposite to those of a metal |
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radioactivity |
the process by which the nucleus of an atom of an element releases energy and particles |
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half-life |
the length of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample of a radioactive element to decay into atoms of another element |
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chemical formula |
an expression that shows the number and types of atoms joined in a compound |
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subscript |
a number written slightly below and to the right of the chemical symbol that shows how many atoms of the element are in a compound |
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ionic bond |
the electrical attraction between a negative ion and a positive ion |
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covalent bond |
a type of bond where electrons are shared between atoms |
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molecule |
the smallest component of a compound |
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polar covalent bond |
the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms that gives rise to negative a positive regions of electric charge |
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metallic bond |
a certain type of bond in which nuclei float in a sea of electrons |
