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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Temperature
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Average kinetic energy of all molecules
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Latent heating
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Energy given off when water condenses and solidifies
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Temperature dew point
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Temperature at which average kinetic energy of water molecules is so low that they "stick" instead of rebounding when they collide
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Condensation
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Gas to liquid
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Deposition
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Gas to solid (growing ice directly from the vapor phase)
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Freezing
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Liquid to solid
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Evaporation
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Liquid to gas
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Sublimation
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Solid to gas
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Melting
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Solid to liquid
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Saturation
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Evaporation and condensation reach equilibrium where both rates are equal. Relative humidity is 100%; all chairs in room are taken
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Saturated vapor pressure
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Increases with temperature which makes more molecules break free of liquid surface
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Water vapor
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Evaporation rises and that's how it gets into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gas that absorbs longwave radiation
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Aerosols
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Small particles that get into the atmosphere
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Vapor pressure
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Pressure exerted by water vapor in the atmosphere. Pressure of a vapor when it is in the equilibrium stage. Dependent on temperature
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Actual Mixing Ratio
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Mass of water vapor compared to mass of dry air. Expression for the actual water vapor content
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Saturation Mixing Ratio
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Expression for the max possible amount of water vapor
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Adiabatic Cooling Process
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Rising air that expands cools; no energy transfer
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Stable
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Insensitive to small changes, and return to where they were
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Unstable
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Small changes lead to runaway big changes
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Neutral stability
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Small changes remains a small change and it doesn't run away or return to original state
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Radiation fog
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Cool the surface and air by radiation
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Evaporation fog
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Moisten the air (by evaporation)
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Upslope fog (orographic fog)
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Cool air by forcing it up sloping terrain
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Advection fog
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Movement of warm, moist air by horizontal winds over a cool surface such as a coastal area
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Cloud condensation nuclei
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hydroscopic (attract water) moisture and special aerosols; formed more over land than ocean; allow droplets to form at relative humidity just above 100% instead of 110% of more; lower saturation point to allow curved droplets to form
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Super saturation
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RH> 100%
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Nucleation
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Cloud droplet formation
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Terminal Velocity
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Air resistance prevents droplets less than 100 mm from falling
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Bergeron Process
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Ice crystals "steal" water vapor from super cooled droplets; allows growth from crystals to snow (precipitate)
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Hydrometers
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Any solid of liquid water particle (all sizes)
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Graupel
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Ice pellet formed by collection and freezing of super cooled water. Opaque, cloudly look
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Virga
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Precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground which happens when there is dry air near surface
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