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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydrologic Cycle
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- closed system where water isn't gained or lost
- water is transferred from one form to another and from one place to another |
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Mechanisms in the hydrologic cycle
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1. Evaporation - over ocean
2. Evapotranspiration - from vascular plants transpiring through their leaves 3.Precipitation/Condensation 4. Runoff- overland flow 5. Infiltration- underground flow |
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Transpiration
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Plants removing water from soil and passing it through their leaves before releasing it into the atmosphere
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Interception
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Incoming precipitation strikes ground cover
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Stem Flow
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Precipitation hits plants and it flows down the stems to the ground surrounding the roots
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Throughfall
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Bounces off objects or misses them all together and reaches the earth's surface
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Infiltration/Percolation
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- Any way water soaks into the earth's surface
- water continues to move downwards through the soil column after infiltration |
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Field capacity
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When 100% of the pore space is filled of the upper most surface area
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Groundwater Zone
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Zone past the phreatic surface where water has a difficult time moving upwards
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Zone of aeration
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Zone above phreatic surface
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Zone of saturation
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Groundwater zone underneath the phreatic surface. (Water table)
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Hydrostatic Head
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downward pressing forces that cause water to travel undergound
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Porosity
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determines the amount of water that can be stored in a mass of rock or sediment.
- Sorted will have a high porosity - Non-compacted will have a high porosity |
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Permeability
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determines the rate at which water can move through the earth's material
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Aquifers
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- rock layers that allow water to flow in an amount great enough to be used
- can hold water by being partially saturated |
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Aquacludes
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rock layers that don't allow water to flow a lot
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Confined aquifer
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-lies between 2 aquicludes
- obtains its groundwater from a distant area |
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Unconfined aquifer
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aquifer that obtains its groundwater from local infiltration
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Perched water table
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an aquifer that is above the water table
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Manning's Roughness Coefficient
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- rougher a stream is the more friction there is against the water and the slower it will go
- Q = VxA - discharge = velocity x surface area |
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Isovels
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Connect areas of equal velocity
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Turbulent Flows
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Laminar Flows
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Hydraulic Action
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Work of a stream in trying to carve and shape a stream bed
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Corrasion
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sanding or smoothing of particulates in the stream
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