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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tangles protein & cause of problems
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Tau (a MAP protein = microtubule associated protein)
abnormal phosphorylation -> sticking together -> tangle |
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Tangles
size found in shape |
Small
Intracellular Pyramid shaped (fills pyramidal neurons) |
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Plaques
location protein size |
Extracellular (outside cell)
Beta-amyloid (sheets of beta-amyloid precursor protein from abnormal cleavage) BIG size |
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Pick disease targets what in brain? Responsible for what?
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Frontal Lobes
Personality & social interaction |
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Lewy body is in which disease
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Parkinson's disease
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ALS signs/symptoms
cause |
Progressive weakness/paralysis & muscle atrophy
Near total loss of alpha-motor neurons in anterior horn (note: looks similar to Polio - polio may not be entire spinal cord but ALS will) |
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Chromosome & gene associated w/ Huntington's
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Chromosome 4 & Huntingtin
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Symptoms of Guillain-Barre
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Ascending weakness working distal to proximal
inflammation and subsequent demyelination of peripheral nerves & nerve roots |
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Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis
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Increasing fatigue w/ activity & improves after rest
1st symptom is eye muscle weakness may have Ab to Ach receptors |
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Manifestation of traumatic neuroma
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Tangled mass of axon mixed w/ collagen
c/o lack of guidance for regrowth of axon |
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True localizing sign
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Hemisphere pushes against midbrain and damages ipsilateral side above decussation -> contralateral paralysis
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False localizing sign
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Hemisphere pushes midbrain into contralateral tentorium (damages contralateral crus cerebri) above the decussation -> ipsilateral paralysis/deficits
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Tonsilar herniation problems
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Compress adjacent medulla leading to
compression of respiratory centers & consciousness centers |
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Kernohan's notch
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One side (say right) herniates pressing midbrain into opposite tentorium (false localizing sign)
indentation of contralateral midbrain by contralateral tenorium is Kernohan's Notch |
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Clinical manifestations of Oculomotor nerve damage
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Down & out eye (c/o only lateral rectus (abducens VI) & superior oblique (trochlear IV)intact)
& Ptosis (facial VII) |
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Duret hemorrhages
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Intraparenchymal hemorrhages pulled & twisted c/o herniation
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Diffuse axonal injury: what part of brain takes brunt
what do you see in diffuse axonal injury |
corpus callosum
retact and swell creating axonal retraction balls |
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Epidural, Subdural, & Subarachnoid Hemorrhages
What do you see? What is the etiology? |
Epidural: arterial (often middle meningeal), lens-shaped, fx of temporal bone
Subdural: Venous (bridging veins), will not cross midline (falx cerebri blocks) sub-arachnoid: c/o cortical veins, fills sulci (gyrus stick out from hemorrhage), ruptured berry aneurysms NOT trauma |
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Fat emboli formation
mechanism location |
Vinegar in oil -> 2 days later coalesce -> tiny infarctions
usually at junction btwn gray & white matter |
