Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Medial Collateral Ligament (grade 1):
|
Grade 1: a few ligamentous fibers are torn and stretched
DEF: sprain of MCL; valgus instability MOI: blow to the lateral side of the knee producing a valgus stress; foot fixed with internal femoral rotation at the knee; overuse as with breast stroke in swimming S/S: no instability; joint stiffness/point tenderness just below joint line; little or no joint swelling; return in 1-3 weeks Tx: PRICEMM; crutches and brace (for grades 2&3); proper rehab (ROM work and strengthening to the quadriceps); no surgery recommended for a grade 3 DIAG: valgus stress test |
|
|
Medial Collateral Ligament (grade 2):
|
Grade 2:partial tear of MCL
DEF: sprain of MCL; valgus instability MOI: blow to the lateral side of the knee producing a valgus stress; foot fixed with internal femoral rotation at the knee; overuse as with breast stroke in swimming S/S: some laxity; some swelling with loss of passive ROM; moderate to severe joint tightness w/ instability to actively extended knee; pain and point tenderness; return in 2-4 weeks Tx: PRICEMM; crutches and brace (for grades 2&3); proper rehab (ROM work and strengthening to the quadriceps); no surgery recommended for a grade 3 DIAG: valgus stress test |
|
|
Medial Collateral Ligament (grade 3):
|
Grade 3: total rupture of ligament
DEF: sprain of MCL; valgus instability MOI: blow to the lateral side of the knee producing a valgus stress; foot fixed with internal femoral rotation at the knee; overuse as with breast stroke in swimming S/S: gross laxity; minimum to moderate swelling; loss of ROM; pain and point tenderness; return in 4-6 weeks Tx: PRICEMM; crutches and brace (for grades 2&3); proper rehab (ROM work and strengthening to the quadriceps); no surgery recommended for a grade 3 DIAG: valgus stress test |
|
|
Lateral Collateral Ligament:
|
DEF: Sprain of LCL; varus instability
MOI: Direct blow to the medial side of the knee; external rotation of the femur & fitted foot S/S: pain; point tenderness along the joint line; joint instability depending upon degree; minimum swelling Tx: similar to that of a MCL DIAG: Varus stress test |
|
|
Anterior Cructiate Ligament:
|
DEF: sprain of ACL; most commonly disrupted ligament in the knee
MOI: direct blow (hyper-extension of valgus), rotational force S/S: audible "pop"; rapid swelling; pain initially that may diminish; instability Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD; crutches; brace DIAG: 1. Anterior Drawer Test - w/ foot pointing straight: ACL only -w/ leg internally rotated 20 degrees: ACL & posterolateral aspect of joint capsule -w/ leg externally rotated 15 degrees: ACL & posteromedial aspect of joint capsule 2. Lachman Test: ACL & PCL tear 3. Pivot Shift Test: anterolateral rotary instability |
|
|
For ACL tears, often times you have the "unhappy triad", which is
|
older- O'Donaghue's version: combination of ACL, MCL, & medial meniscus
newer- more recent studies suggest it is ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus |
|
|
4:6
|
The ratio of men to women who have ACL tears
|
|
|
Posterior Cruciate Ligament:
|
DEF: sprain of PCL; posterior instability; not a very common injury
MOI: force applied to a bent knee S/S: pain; swelling; instability Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD DIAG: 1. Lachman Test 2. Posterior Drawer Test 3. Gravity (Sag) Drawer Test |
|
|
Meniscal Injuries:
|
DEF: torn cartilage
MOI: rotational force; valgus/varus force; squatting hyperextension; cutting motion; forceful knee extension S/S: severe pain; loss of function; locking up of knee; clicking sensation Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD; surgery possible (menisectomy vs. repair) DIAG: * McMurray's Test - Torn Cartilage * Apley's Compression Test - meniscal tears * Apley's Distraction Test - distinguishes between collateral ligamentous tears from capsular and meniscal tear |
|
|
Osteochondritis Dissecans:
|
DEF: "joint mice"; condition in which a fragment of cartilage and underlying bone are detached from the articular surface
MOI: Unknown; degeneration of articular cartilage S/S: pain; swelling; intermittent locking; possible palpation of loose bodies Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD; x-ray |
|
|
Petellofemoral Arthralgia (PFA):
|
DEF: catch all term for knee pain
MOI: multiple causes S/S: pain; point tenderness; crepitus; swelling; inflammation Tx: PRICEMM; proper rehab |
|
|
Chondromalacia:
|
DEF: gradual degenerative process of the underside of the patella; roughening up of the underside of the patella like sand paper
MOI: repeated direct trauma; biomechanical problems S/S: pain(especially when bending the knee); swelling; crepitation; joint stiffness Tx: PRICEMM; x-ray; possible surgery DIAG: Patella Compression-tests for chondromalacia where patella is pressed downward into femoral groove and moved backwards & forewards -Patella Grinding(NEVER DO THIS ONE)--patella is forced downward while knee is flexed |
|
|
Plica:
|
DEF: folds in joint lining of the knee that are remnants of embryonic tissue; medial plica more common
MOI: indirect trauma as with torsion; overuse S/S: pain; popping (usually over the superior/medial aspect of the patella) Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD; possible surgery |
|
|
Patella Fracture:
|
DEF: broken knee cap
MOI: direct blow to patella; indirect trauma(severe pull of patella tendon) S/S: sudden pain; deformity; swelling; loss of normal knee function Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD; x-ray; possible surgery |
|
|
Patella Subluxation/Dislocation:
|
DEF: lateral displacement of the patella; more common in women: "miserable malalignment syndrome"
MOI: a blow to the inside pushing it out S/S: pain; point tenderness; swelling; loss of function; obvious deformity (dislocation) Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD; immobilize; rehab DIAG: Apprehension Test- push patella laterally and watch for fear in the athlete's face |
|
|
Reasons why a patella dislocation/subluxation is more common in women:
|
1. Broader pelvis
2. femoral neck anteversion 3. excessive q-angle 4. hypermobile patella 5. external tibial torsion 6. pronated (flat) feet 7. lower lateral femoral head, shallow femoral groove 8. patella high riding, flat and externally pointing |
|
|
Osgood-Schlatter Disease:
|
DEF: Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle (attachment fork patella tendon); more common in kids and often associated with a growth spurt
MOI: repetitive stress on the patella tendon S/S: pain on extension, squatting or jumping; swelling; prominent tibial epiphysis Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD |
|
|
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Condition:
|
DEF: pain at the inferior pole of the patella; occurs most often in kids ~10-12
MOI: overuse of the patella tendon S/S: pain; point tenderness; pain on active movements; swelling Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD |
|
|
Patellar Tendon Rupture:
|
DEF: tear of patellar tendon (may tear quadriceps tendon also)
MOI: sudden eccentric contraction of the quadriceps S/S: "pop" with immediate loss of function; pain; swelling; palpable defect Tx: PRICEMM; immobilize; refer to MD; surgery |
|
|
Prepatellar Bursitis:
|
Acute: blow to anterior pole of patella; result in rapid, severe swelling; PRICEMM; may require draining
Chronic: (housemaid's knee; carpet layer's knee); caused by overuse as in continuous kneeling |
|
|
Infrapatellar Bursitis:
|
jumpers knee
|
|
|
Pes Anserine Bursitis
|
cyclist's knee
|
|
|
Knee Synovitis:
|
water on the knee (ballotable patella) push patella down and see if it will rebound
|
|
|
Patellar Tendonitis:
|
*very common*
jumper's knee; kicker's knee |
|
|
Pes Anserine Tendonitis:
|
also known as cyclist's knee
|
|
|
Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome:
|
DEF: irritation of IT band as it crosses over the lateral femoral condyle (more common in women)
MOI: overuse; biomechanical faults; worn shoes S/S: pain; point tenderness; clicking Tx: PRICEMM; NSAIDs; stretching DIAG: Ober's Test - Tightness of IT band Nobel's Test - IT Band Friction Syndrome |
