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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blister (Bulla):
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DEF: Fluid accumulation below the outer layer of skin
MOI: Friction from improper fitting shoes or excessive training S/S: Pain, burning, inflammation, fluid accumulation Tx: leave alone if blister is intact & provide padding; if torn, clean & cover (*second skin material works very well*) and pad PREV: Proper fitting shoes; wearing two pairs of socks; dusting shoes/socks with powder; vaseline on irritated area; icing of hot spot |
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Callus:
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DEF: thickening of epidermal layer
MOI: friction from increased activity or wearing shoes that are too small S/S: pain, thickness, cracks, possible blister formation under callus Tx: Emery Callus File; moisturizer; padding; pedicure PREV: Proper fitting shoes; wearing two pairs of socks; dusting shoes/socks with powder; vaseline on irritated area; icing of hot spot |
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Callus Durum:
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DEF: a hard corn
MOI: friction; improper fitting shoes S/S: pain, point tenderness, redness, thickening Tx: Emery Callus File; moisturizer; padding; pedicure PREV: Proper fitting shoes; wearing two pairs of socks; dusting shoes/socks with powder; vaseline on irritated area; icing of hot spot |
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Mallet Toe:
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DEF: Flexion of the DIP joint
Tx: Treat hard corns PREV: Proper footwear |
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Claw Toes:
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DEF: hyperextension of the MTP joint & flexion of the DIP & PIP joints
MOI: pes cavus; neurological problems; dysfunction of the lumbricals or interossesus muscle, or both Tx: treat hard corns PREV: Proper footwear |
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Hammer Toes:
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DEF: Hyperextension of the MTP joint & a flexion contracture of the PIP joint; the DIP joint may be flexed, hyperextended or neutral
MOI: Congenital; poorly fitting shoes; intrinsic muscle dysfunction Tx: Treat hard corns PREV: Proper footwear |
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Callus Molle:
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DEF: Soft corn
MOI: narrow shoes & excessive foot perspiration S/S: pain with white, macerated skin usually between 4th & 5th toe Tx: foot powder; anti-fungals PREV: Proper fitting shoes; powders for perspiration; frequent changing of socks |
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Tinea Pedis:
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DEF: Athletes foot
MOI: Fungal infection S/S: pain; burning; itching with white macerated skin Tx: anti-fungal spray & powder PREV: Proper fitting shoes; powders for perspiration; frequent changing of socks as well as good sanitary habits |
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Hallux Rigidus:
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DEF: Degenerative or arthritic changes
MOI: Joint dysfunction or pathomechanics S/S: Decreased active & passive ROM; palpable tenderness; inability to fully extend hallux; pain with push-off; altered gait |
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Ingrown Toenail:
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DEF: "unguis incarnates", leading edge of toenail has grown into the soft tissue
MOI: Improper footwear; improper cutting of the nail S/S: pain; swelling; redness; infection Tx: Soak in hot water; lifting of nail from soft tissue; triangle cut PREV: Proper fitting shoes; correct routing and trimming of nails |
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Hallux Valgus:
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Def: "bunion" big toe deviates toward the 2nd toe at the MTP joint
MOI: Congenital; improper fitting shoes S/S: pain; point tenderness; swelling; redness; deformity of 1st MTP joint Tx: PRICEMM; place pad between toes; refer to MD *Bunionette (Tailor's Bunion): getting a bunion in the 5th toe* |
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Morton's Toe:
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DEF: The 2nd toe is longer than the Hallux (abnormally short) causing more weight bearing through 2nd toe; affects 40% of population
MOI: Congenital S/S: pain; over pronation of the foot **In combination with flat feet, it may lead to an increased chance of an eversion ankle** sprain |
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Morton's Neuroma:
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DEF: Thickening/inflammation of the plantar nerve normally between the 3rd & 4th metatarsal
MOI: tight footwear; more common in females S/S: pain; point tenderness; mass in the nerve Tx: Rest; NSAID'S; padding; refer to MD; surgery PREV: Proper fitting shoes |
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Turf Toe:
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DEF: Sprained Hallux
MOI: extreme dorsi/plantar flexion of the MTP joint; repeated stops & starts S/S: pain; point tenderness; increased pain with movement; swelling; ecchymosis; loss of ROM Tx: PRICEMM; NSAID'S; stiff soled shoe with metal inserts; taping PREV: proper footwear |
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Metatarsalgia:
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DEF: General term for pain in the ball of the foot although more commonly associated with the 2nd or 3rd metatarsal head
MOI: multiple causes S/S: pain; point tenderness Tx: PRICEMM |
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Sesamoiditis:
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DEF: Inflammation of sesamoid bones & tendons
MOI: Excessive & repetitive loading S/S: Pain on weight bearing; point tenderness Tx: PRICEMM; NSAIDS; pad; if symptoms persist refer to MD PREV: Proper footwear with good padding |
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Heel Contusion:
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DEF: "Stone bruise", compression of heel fat pad between skin and the calcaneous bone
MOI: Direct trauma from fall or jump S/S: Point tenderness; pain during heel strike; ecchymosis; swelling Tx: PRICEMM; R/O(rule out) a fracture; heel cup or doughnut pad |
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Exostoses:
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DEF: Benign bony outgrowth that protrudes from the surface of a bone. Common around head of 1st metatarsal, posterior side & under surface of calcaneous bone (heel spur)
MOI: repetitive or one time direct trauma S/S: pain; point tenderness; inability to bear weight Tx: PRICEMM; padding; refer to MD |
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Sever's Disease:
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DEF: Apophysitis on calcaneous bone
MOI: Stress on the achilles tendon on the apohysis of the calcaneous (common in kids ages 10-16) S/S: pain; point tenderness; loss of function; tight achilles tendon Tx: PRICEMM; NSAID's; heel lift to decrease DF; refer to MD; possible walking cast |
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Pes Planus:
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DEF: "Flat feet", the medial longitudinal arch is flat in both weight and non-weight bearing positions.
MOI: Congenital; obese; poorly fitting shoes; overuse on hard surface S/S: Pain; loss of spring in step; "tired" feet; reduced height of medial arch Tx: PRICEMM; proper footwear w/ arch support *predisposes one to eversion ankle sprains & low back pain |
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Pes Cavus:
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DEF: "high arch", structurally high longitudinal arch
MOI: congenital; neurological disorder S/S: often asymptomatic; pain Tx: PRICEMM; proper fitting shoes with good arch support **Often is associated with hammer or clawed toes, tight plantar fascia, shortening of achilles tendon** |
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Plantar Fascitis:
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DEF: Inflammation of the plantar fascia
MOI: Overuse; pes cavus/planus; obese; acute trauma S/S: Sharp (sticking) pain in the a.m.; point tenderness; pain with DF Tx: PRICEMM; shoes with good arch support; heel lift; heel cord stretching; plantar fascia stretch; night braces PREV: Proper footwear; appropriate training routine & surface |
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Jone's Fracture:
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DEF: Transverse fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal
MOI: excessive inversion & plantar flexion S/S: Pain & point tenderness at the base of 5th metatarsal; increased pain with weight bearing; swelling Tx: Refer to MD; x-ray; surgery |
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Dancer Fracture (a.k.a. Pseudo Jone's Fracture) :
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DEF: Avulsion fracture of styloid process of 5th metatarsal where the peroneus brevis tendon inserts
MOI: Forceful contraction of peroneus brevis during inversion ankle sprain S/S: Pain; point tenderness Tx: Refer to MD; x-ray; and use of walking cast/boot |
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March Fracture:
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DEF: Metatarsal stress fracture normally of the 3rd or 4th metatarsal
MOI: Overuse S/S: Pain; point tenderness Tx: Refer to MD; x-ray; bone scan; limit activity and put in walking boot |
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LisFranc's Fracture:
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DEF: Fracture at the tarsometatarsal joint often associated with a dislocation of the joint
MOI: Sliding or falling on the heel; severe ankle sprain S/S: Severe pain and swelling in the midfoot; pain with weight bearing Tx: Splint; crutches; refer to MD; surgery |
