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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inversion Ankle Sprain(Grade 1):
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Grade 1: stretch of ATFL
DEF: a lateral ankle sprain; most common (accounts for 85% of all sprains) MOI: plantarflexion; inversion with rotational forces; you turn your foot inwards Tx: PRICEMM; crutches; bracing/taping; refer to MD; x-ray; appropriate rehab S/S: pain & point tenderness; mild & localized swelling over ATFL; minimum loss of function; no abnormal motions when tested. DIAG: Anterior drawer test; Talar Tilt |
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Inversion Ankle Sprain(Grade 2):
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Grade 2: tear of ATFL & stretch of CFL
DEF: a lateral ankle sprain; most common (accounts for 85% of all sprains) MOI: plantarflexion; inversion with rotational forces; you turn your foot inwards Tx: PRICEMM; crutches; bracing/taping; refer to MD; x-ray; appropriate rehab S/S: increased pain and point tenderness; swelling & ecchymosis; moderate loss of function; slighty to moderate instability DIAG: Anterior drawer test; Talar Tilt |
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Inversion Ankle Sprain(Grade 3):
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Grade 3: tear of both ATFL & CFL
DEF: a lateral ankle sprain; most common (accounts for 85% of all sprains) MOI: plantarflexion; inversion with rotational forces; you turn your foot inwards Tx: PRICEMM; crutches; bracing/taping; refer to MD; x-ray; appropriate rehab S/S: severe pain & point tenderness; marked swelling & ecchymosis; major loss of function; gross instability DIAG: Anterior drawer test; Talar Tilt |
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Eversion Ankle Sprain:
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DEF: medial ankle sprain resulting in stretching or tearing of deltoid ligament
MOI: external rotation with abduction & dorsiflexion S/S: pain; point tenderness; swelling; ecchymosis; instability Tx: PRICEMM; crutches; immobilizers; refer to MD; R/O Syndesmosis; x-ray * Not as common as inversion ankle sprain due to the length of the lateral malleolus (distal end of fibula) and strength of deltoid ligament on the medial side |
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Syndesmosis:
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DEF: "high ankle sprain", resulting from a stretch or tear of the tibiofibular ligaments causing a spreading of the distal tibiofibular joint
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Prevention of Ankle Injuries:
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1. Achilles tendon stretching
2. strength training 3. proprioceptive training 4. proper footwear 5. preventative ankle bracing or taping |
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Achilles Tendinitis:
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DEF: inflammation of achilles tendon
MOI: Overuse an overstretching causing repeated microtrauma S/S: pain; point tenderness; swelling; crepitus; decreased dorsiflexion Tx: PRICEMM; NSAIDs; heel lift; stretching |
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Achilles Tendon Strain:
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DEF: stretching or tearing of achilles tendon
MOI: ankle sprain; excessive dorsiflexion S/S: same as achilles tendinitis Tx: same as achilles tendinitis |
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Achilles Tendon Rupture:
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DEF: Complete tear of achilles tendon
MOI: stop & go activity (push off); more common in those over 30 S/S: abrupt severe pain that subsides quickly; audible "pop" or "snap"; palpable Tx: PRICEMM; refer to MD; surgery |
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Plantaris Rupture:
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DEF: rupture of plantaris muscle (some call this "fools nerve" injury
MOI: excessive contraction or stretch with running or jumping; sudden change in direction S/S: sudden pain behind the knee that disappears; may report a "pop" Tx: treat symptomatically and rule out any other injuries |
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Compartment Syndrome:
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DEF: compression within the anterior compartment (may be acute, chronic, or exercise induced)
MOI: direct trauma (contusion); fractures; strains; overuse S/S: pain; swelling; ecchymosis; firm and tight skin over anterior shin; weakness of foot dorsiflexion and/or extension of big toe (foot drop); parathesia of web between 1st and 2nd toe over the foot's entire dorsal region; decreased dorsalis pedias pulse Tx: medical emergency; ice w/out compression; no elevation; may require surgical intervention |
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Calf Strain:
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DEF: "tennis leg", strain to the gastrocnemius
MOI: quick starts & stops S/S: pain; point tenderness; ecchymosis; swelling; palpable defect depending on degree Tx: PRICEMM; NSAIDs; heel lift; stretching (2 positions) |
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Shin Splints:
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DEF: medical tibial stress syndrome
MOI: overuse; faulty posture; footwear; fallen arches; muscle fatigue; change in training regimen S/S: pain; point tenderness; swelling; disability Tx: PRICEMM; NSAIDs; taping; gradual return PREV: check footwear; adjust training; be aware of surface |
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Stress Fractures:
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DEF: incomplete break in the bone (normally the tibia)
MOI: overuse; repetitive overload stress to the bone S/S: pin-point pain over affected area; point tenderness Tx: PRICEMM; NSAIDs; refer to MD; bone scan or x-ray; gradual return to activity |
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Fractures:
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DEF: broken leg to the tibia, fibula or both
MOI: direct force; indirect force (torsion); ankle sprain S/S: pain; point tenderness; deformity; rapid swelling Tx: splint; assess distal pulse and capillary refill; check for possible S/S of schock; refer to MD |
