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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is atherosclerosis + how does it dev?
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflam disorder affecting arteries.
1. Monocyte inade arterial wall. 2. Attract LDL to form atheroma / fatty streak 3. Monocytes mature to form macrophages (foam cells 4. Increased susceptibility sheer forces e.g. hypertension 5. Damage leads to thrombus formation to form atherosclerotic plaque |
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Where do aneurysm form and what are the RF (4)?
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Commonest site - inrarenal abdominal aorta
2nd commonest suprarenal abd Ao / descending thoracic Ao Risk factors are same as for atherosclerosis - DM, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, hypertension Dev following damage to artery followed by dilation |
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What is Marfans syndrome?
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Connective tissue disorder (inherited)
Features - Arachnodactyly High arched palate Aortic aneurysm Heart murmurs - MR Joint hypermobile Scoliosis Chest deformity Lens dislocation Ao aneurysms - thoracic, ascending |
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What is Aortitis and give 5 causes?
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Inflam of the aorta
Causes - syphilis (rare but sexy cause) Takayasu Reiters synd (TRIAD: arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis) GCA Ank spond Lead to saccular Aneurysm |
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Presentation thoracic aneursym? (2) Name 2 complications.
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Chest pain similar to cardiac pain
May erode and lead to cardiac effusion/tamponade |
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Tell me what you know about AAA? (10)
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Men: women = 3:1
65yrs Infrarenal site most affected Diagnose: USS, CT Indications surgery: >5.5cm or distal emboli Rx: Medical: antihypertensives Open: AAA prosthetic dacron graft Closed procedure - EVAR (endovascular aorta repair) 30day mortality = 5-8% Pain = centre abd, back, loin, iliac fossa, groin |
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What is an aortic dissection?
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Break in the integrity Ao wall so blood goes into media creating a flase lumen
Either reenters true lumen or ruptures into pleural space or pericardium (tamponade) |
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What is tamponade?
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Condition of cessation of blood flow of a vessel due to pressure/constriction from outside force
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Causes of Ao dissection? (9)
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Hypertension
Atherosclerosis Aneurysm Ao coarctation Collagen disorder e.g. Marfans, Ehlers danlos Turners syndrome Previous Ao surgery e.g. CABG Cardiac catheterisation |
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Types Ao dissection? (2)
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Type A - affects the ascending Ao (2/3) = ant chest wall pain
Type B - affects descending Ao (1/3) = interscapular pain |
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Symp (2) and signs (2) Ao dissection? (5)
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Tearing chest pain
Radiates back Assymetrical pulses Hypertension (unless fully ruptures) MI, acute abd, renal fail, limb isch |
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X-Ray signs Ao dissection?
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Widened mediastinum
Distorted Ao knuckle Pleural effusion ECG: left vent hypertrophy |
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Rx: Ao dissection?
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Labetalol (alpha + beta block)
Surgery dacron graft (Type A) Medical (Type B) Fenestrate (puncture so false lumen contents return to true lumen Stent |
