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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arteriosclerosis |
= thickening & loss of elasticity of arterial walls - Mönkeberg medical calcific sclerosis - muscular arteries, do not encroach vessel lumen - Arteriolosclerosis - small aa.'s, narrowing of lumen, downstream ischemia (HT, DM) - Atherosclerosis - large aa.'s, localized thickening of the wall, lumen narrowing |
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Atherosclerosis |
= wear & tear of large arteries; chronic inflammatory disease, large aa.'s, progresses w/ age until symptomatic; endothelium injury -> progression - fatty streak = foam cells in intima as a result of a lesion -> atheroma(tous core): intimal thickening, lipid accumulation -> fibroatheroma (cap): collagen production, fibrofatty plaque -> complications: calcification, ulceration, thrombosis, hemorrhage, rupture (-> symptomatic in aa.'s of heart, brain, kidneys, legs) => blood flow obstruction, atheroemboli, thrombosis, aneurisms |
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Atheroma |
= atherosclerotic plaque |
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Plaque |
= atherosclerotic fatty accumulation in large aa.'s - stable - dense fibrous cap, minimal lipid accumulation, little inflammation -> chronic ischemia - unstable - thin cap, large lipid core, dense inflammatory infiltrates -> sudden & potentially fatal ischemia |
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Response to Injury hypothesis progression sequence in atherosclerosis |
- Endothelial cell injury -> (hemodynamic disturbances, hypercholesterolemia ->) dysfx - vascular permeability, thrombosis - Accumulation of lipoproteins in vessel wall - Monocyte adhesion to endothelium -> intima -> macrophage, foam cell - Platelet adhesion -> factor release -> SM cell recruitment - SM cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production, T cell recruitment - Lipid accumulation |
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Risk factors for Atherosclerosis |
Family history Genetic abnormalities Increasing age Male gender (estrogen?) Hyperlipidemia - ↑ cholesterol, LDL, ↓ HDL HT, Diabetes Cigarette smoking Inflammation, C-reactive protein - produced by liver, predicts CV risk |
