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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What layers comprise the artery?
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Intima, Media and Tunica Adventitia
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What cell types does the intima layer of the artery include?
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endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
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What is the function of the intima layer of arteries?
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Very active in controlling flow and repair. (The endothelium is critical in the development of atherosclerosis)
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What makes up the media layer of arteries?
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Smooth muscle and collagen protein
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What occurs if the media layer of the artery breaks down?
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ballooning (aneurism) of the artery
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What is contained in the adventitia layer of arteries?
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nerves and blood vessels that contribute to the function of the artery.
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What are the two types of arteries?
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Muscular and Arterioles
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To what type of artery does the term "resistance vessel" refer?
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Muscular arteries
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What is the function of muscular arteries?
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1. Carry blood from the heart to the body.
2. Regulate blood flow via nerves and chemicals 3. Highly elastic |
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What is the function of the arterioles?
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Dynamic regulation of blood flow to specific organs via dilation/constriction
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Are capillaries considered arteries? (side note: this may be a leading question)
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NO!!!
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Capillaries of comprised mostly of what cell type?
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endothelial
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What is the function of capillaries? (difficulty level: you should be able to answer this in your sleep)
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delivery of chemicals to tissues via a semi-permeable membrane
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Permeability at the capillary depends on what?
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blood flow and capillary structure
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Describe the development of atherosclerosis.
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1. Lipids and other chemicals irritate/inflame the endothelium
2. Arterial cells attempt to clean up with macrophages 3. This may result in the buildup of an atherosclerotic blockage and narrowing of the artery |
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What two processes lead up to artherosclerotic blockages?
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1. accumulation of lipid
2. smooth muscle cell proliferation |
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What are the three types of artherosclerotic blockages?
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1. fatty streak (initial lesion)
2. Advanced lesion (of the fibrous cap of the enothelium, atheroma and smooth muscle) 3. Complicated lesion |
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What are the 11 risk factors for artherosclerosis?
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1. Smoking of tobacco
2. High blood pressure 3. Cholesterol disorders (high LDL, high triglycerides, low HDL) 4. Lack of regular physical activity 5. Diabetes Mellitus 6. Obesity 7. Male gender (lack of estrogen?) 8. Menopause (lack of estrogen.) 9. Older Age 10. Inflammatory proteins 11. Family History |
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What are the 4 complications of atherosclerosis?
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1. Acute occlusion
2. Chronic Narrowing 3. Aneurysms 4. Embolism |
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What are the three types of aneurysms?
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fusiform, saccular and dissecting
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What is arteritis?
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inflammation of arteries due to autoimmune processes
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What is phlebitis?
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inflammation of veins due to infection or other inflammatory processes
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