Atc- Lumbosacral

Front 1

How many vertebrae and spinal nerves?

Back 1

33 vertebrae

31 spinal nerves

Front 2

A segment of the spine is compromised of what?

Back 2

Teo vertebrae, disc, and connecting soft tissues

Front 3

Which vertebra has no body?

Back 3

Atlas c1

Front 4

Angulation is spinous process determines limitation of which movement?

Back 4

Extension

Front 5

3 general causes of spinal stenosis

Back 5

Acute

Acquired

Congenital

Front 6

Which surfaces of superior and inferior facets articulate?

Back 6

Superior lateral

Inferior medial

Front 7

Normal facet joint weight transmission vs degenerative state?

Back 7

20% normal

47 % degenerative

Front 8

Running compresses which intervertebral discs?

Back 8

T7-L1 & L5-S1

Front 9

Until what age do discs fully hydrate?

Back 9

40 years

Front 10

At what age are intervertebral discs fully dehydrated?

Back 10

60 years

Front 11

What is discogenic pain?

Back 11

Irritation of the richly sensory nerve fibers innervate in the annulus fibrosus and posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 12

Load force on discs supine, standing, and sitting leaning forward?

Back 12

Supine 75kg

Standing 100kg

Sit lean forward 275kg

Front 13

Name the spinal columns 3 degrees of freedom?

Back 13

Flex ext

Rotation

Tilting (lateral bending)

Front 14

Name the spinal column accessory motions.

Back 14

1. Ant post glide (flex)

2. Lateral glide (ext)

3. Compression and distraction (side bending or rotation)

Front 15

What two types of joints lie between the vertebrae?

Back 15

Cartilaginous and synovial

Except c1 and c2 junction

Front 16

Amount of movement in the spine is mostly due to what?

Back 16

Size of discs

Front 17

In the spine, direction of movement is determined by what?

Back 17

Alignment of zygoapophyseal joint

Front 18

Name 5 main ligaments of the spine

Back 18

1. Posterior longitudinal ligaments

2. Anterior LL

3. Ligamentum flavum

4. Supraspinous ligament

5. Interspinous ligament

Front 19

In the cervical spine, the supraspinous ligaments become whT?

Back 19

Ligamentum nuchae

Front 20

What purpose does the thoracolumbar fascia serve?

Back 20

Transfer forces between spine, trunk and abdominal muscles

Front 21

Name the parts of the thoracolumbar fascia?

Back 21

Anterior

Middle

Posterior layers

Front 22

What is the vertebral endplate?

Back 22

Expanse of the fibrocartilage of the annulus fibrosus connecting disc to superior and inferior vertebrae