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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATAXIC -Damage to c ______ control circuit -Mostly affect A______ and P______ -I_____ and reduced m_____ tone -Breakdown in m____organization and control (not n_______ execution) -M____ activity poorly controlled/coordinated |
cerebellar articulation/ prosody Incoordination, muscle motor neuromuscular motor |
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ANATOMY
Two hemispheres- each connected to opposite t_______ and c____ hemi; each hemisphere controls SAME (ipsilateral) side of body.. double crossing
Cortico-ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop |
thalamus, cerebral |
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Ataxic Dysarthria Cerebellum receives input from cerebral cortex (s___ and m____), brainstem and spinal cord
c_____ or skilled voluntary m____activity and t____
Ataxic Dysarthria- most commonly associated with b______ or generalized c_______ disease |
sensory, motor coordination, muscle,tone bilateral cerebellar |
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ATAXIC DYSARTHRIA * Difficulties s____/walking/ broad unstable stance Nystagmus/Pendulousness *Dysd____________ * Dysmetria, Dyssynergia |
standing Dysdiadochokinesis |
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Dysdiadochokinesis: - fragmentation of quick changing muscle movements - d____ rhythm of fine motor movments -errrors in sequence/s____ of parts of movement
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Disrupted speed |
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***Intention or Kinetic T___(3 Hz)
Tremor usually worst b____ end of goal directed movement is reached |
Tremor BEFORE |
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* Dyssynergia (drunk)- decrease in smooth movement * Errors in speed and s______ -breakdown of multi movement in its individual parts -motor act decomposes- fragmented i______ movements *Imprecise, j____, lack in s____and smoothness
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sequence individual jerky speed |
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Etiologies - Ataxic Dysarthria - D_____ diseases _ F______ ataxia/R_____(not high incidence)
-Olivopontocerebellar a_____ (OPCA) - D______/Hereditary |
Degenerative Friedreich's
atrophy DoMINANT
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VASCULAR - v___ sYSTEM (Cerebellum affected) N_______ disorders - ( CN- acoustic neuromas/affect cerebellum) TRAUMA (T___)- Punch drunks/slurred speech
T____/METABOLIC Alcohol abuse/ Toxins/ s___ meds
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Vertiobasilar NEOPLASTIC TBI
Toxic seizure |
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Speech Pathology Nonspeech (I_______ Hallmark) _ O____ mechanism exam normal _ Nonspeech AMRs of jaw, lip, tongue may be i_____ |
Irregularity oral irregular |
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Speech- impaired c___ -artic and p___ breakdowns -inaccurate movements -H_______ --IRREGULAR SPEECH _____ hallmark |
coordination prosodic hypotonia AMRs |
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Clusters of d______ dimensions ---irregular a______ breakdowns/distorted vowels
---Prosody- excess and equal s______ _ Prolonged p______ ---Phonatory- prosodic insufficiency |
deviant articulatory stress phonemes |
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Acoustics - Incoordination of R____ function (diffiduclt inhale adequate amounts of air and expel in controlled fashion) |
Respiratory |
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Incoordination of l______ musculature -- affect maintance of constant t_____.. result in f___ frequncy & intensity variability |
laryngeal tension fundamental |
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General a_____ timing control problems -- affects v___ onset time --i_____ of utterances (prosody) -- n____ timing |
articulatory voice initiation nasality |
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HYPOKINETIC/HYPERKINETIC * damage b____ g_____ control circuit - Hypo (PD)- r____ in neurotransmitter d_____
-Hyper- Diseases of BG- related to cotrions of e______system (sometimes c____ control circuit)
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basal ganglia reduction, dopamine
extrapryamidal control |
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Basal Gang- Caudate, p___, globus p______ -extras ( Susbstantia n___ and subthalmic nuclei) |
putament, pallidus nigra |
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Functions of BG -Regulates muscle t______ - reg. movements that suport g___ directed movements (arm swing during walking) -controls p___ adjustments during skilled movements (stabalize shoulder during writing) |
tone goal postural |
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- BG- -adjust movements to e______ (wine glass get bumped) - assist in learning of new m_____ -damage to BG circuit reduces m_____ (hypo) or results in failure to i_____ involuntary movement (hyper) |
environment movements movement inhibit |
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BG I____ of neurotransmitters associated with BG malfunction, especially d____
-uusually produced in substantia n___ transmitted to s____ ... function is i_____ |
Imbalance dopamine nigra striatum inhibitory |
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Parkinson's - R___ (Reduces forace and r___ of movement).. slow individual movement
-D____ mobility/ range of movement (H______) |
Rigidity range Decreased Hypokinetic |
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Parkinson's -Problem with maintenance of proper b_____tone and supportive nueromuscular activity for f____ discreate speech movements ) (Gamma motor)
-Rate of speech may be r___ (10%) |
background fast rapid
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CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TRAP) -t______ -r_______ a______ (Lack of starting movements) -p_____ (curving of arms) |
Tremor (hand) Rigidity (stiffness) Akinesia Postural
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RIGIDITY- i___ in muscle t____/passive stretch -s___/stiffness/ t____ resistance of f___range of movement present during p___stretch Clasp K___ (releases at end) jerkiness to resis. -Result of excessive drive to a____MN, cortical output not inhibited by BG |
increase tone stiffness/ tightness passive alpha |
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A____-(Bradykinesia)/s____ of movement -Delays at b___ of movement/s__ once begun -Difficulty to s__ movements -Decrease in amplitude and s___ of movement -Intermittent f_____ or immobility |
Akinesia/ slowness beginning/ slowness stop speed freezing |
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H_______ (reduced movement) and Akinesia (a___ of movement): often used interchangeably with B______) -- Masked Face-- expressionless - Arm s___ reduced _ micrographia (w___) - Festination: (Short, rapid s____) gait |
Hypokinesia absence Bradykinesia swing writing shuffle |
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Loss of p____ reflexes - i____ flexion of head, trunk and arms - s____ posture |
postural involuntary stooped |
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Etiologies PD -most freq- h______ dysarthria
-may also be i_____ hyperkinseia overlaid (due to effect of d____-)over medicated |
hypokinetic iatrogenic drugs |
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PARKINSONS- (idiopathic - u______ cause) Postencephalitic (i______ of the brain) * May experience d_____ /cog impair/depresssion |
unknown inflammation dementia |
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Nerve cell loss in s_____ nigra results in decreased d____ in stratum - responds to d____ drugs (Levodopa, Sinemet, Bromocriptine) -Side affects with drugs: d_____& dyskinesia (H____systems) -on-off effects with dosage cycle:Individualize (on med/ rise/ set) |
Substantia dopamine dopamine dystonia HYPERkinetic |
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VASCULAR conditions -Toxic- M_____ conditions - Antipsychotic medications: work to block d____ receptors
-Heavy m_____ exposures (lead, mercury, manganese) and c______ exposure
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Metabolic dopamine metals chemical |
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TRAUMA -Head trauma in boxers (p_____drunk).. muhammed ali
-I______ (Viral encephalitis) |
punch Infection |
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Speech Pathology (NONSPEECH) - E_______ facies (not accurate reflection of pts feelings) -Reduced c___/abdominal movements during r____
- Infrequent s______/results in drooling |
Expressionless Chest respiration swallow |
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Speech Pathology T___ of jaw/ lips at rest/ during sustained postures -muscle s__ strength and s___ may be normal -AMRs s__ or rapid, restricted range -overall lack of v___ or animation |
tremor size/ symmetry slow vigor |
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Speech * Reduced r__ of movement *Reduced rate/rapid/ a_____ rate (destination) - Speech AMRs blurred - Accelerating rate (movements come t____) _ Decreasing R____ over time |
range accelerating together ROM |
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SPEECH (3 systems) R_____P____A____ - Disturbed r____ function, yielding poor support -L_____ dysfunction .. pitch/ l___/vocal quality disturbances _Disruption of a_______ systems produces artic and rate deficits |
Respiration, Phonation, Articulation respiratory Laryngeal loudness articulatory |
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Respiration -Alterations to normal relationships of r____ muscles (results in r______)..paradoxical respiratory movements
-Reduced R____ excursions (reduced inhale)
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respiratory rigidity respiratory |
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PHONATION - Reduced in P ___ AND LOUDNESS variability - B____related to vocal cord bowing - Slow to initiate p_____ - Evidence of continuous voicing |
Pitch Breathiness Phonation |
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ARTICULATION - Imprecise articulation as a result of u_____ (failure to reach articulatory target)
-S_________ (Not reaching targets) |
undershoot
Spirantization
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* Reduced range and s____ or articulatory movements *Loss of reciprocal activity between a____ and antagonists *Variability in rate across s____ (some slow, others normal, others fast) |
speed agonists subjects |
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PROSODIC Characteristics -M____ and monoloudness - Reduced variations in s_____ duration (equal) -Continuous v____ -syllable reduction - Indistinct syllable boundaries due to imprecise a_____ (not as concrete)
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Monopitch syllable voicing articulation |
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RESONANCE (dont see much) -Abnormalities not perceptually p______
May see t___ problems related to slow movement, difficulty initiating movement, and reduced r____ of movement |
prominent timing range |
