Ataxic Dysarthria

Front 1

Localized to the ___

Back 1

cerebellum

Front 2

Etiologies?

Back 2

stroke, trauma, tumor, diseases, ETOH (alcohol toxicity)

Front 3

Generalized damage that includes the cerebellum caused by

Back 3

MS
Friedreich's ataxia
infection
neuronal degeneration
vascular lesions

Front 4

True or False

People with ataxic dysarthria often have motor or balance impairments as well

Back 4

true

Front 5

True or False

The cerebellum has direct connections to LMNs and UMNs

Back 5

False

Indirectly connected to LMNs

Front 6

The cerebellar control circuit is vitally important for __ and ___

Back 6

motor planning
error control

Front 7

Damage to the Cerebellum results in ___ and ____ rather than ____ which is seen in UMN lesions less severely and more profoundly with LMN lesions.

Back 7

discoordination
abnormal involuntary movements (cerebellar tremor)
weakness

Front 8

The floccunodular lobe connects to the ____ for modulating _______

Back 8

vestibular mechanism
equilibrium and orientation of head and eyes (eye movements)

Front 9

The anterior lobe contains a projection area for ____ and is an important component in ___

Back 9

spinocerebellar proprioceptive information
the regulation of posture, gait and tone in trunk

Front 10

The posterior lobes are important as a mechanism in ____

Back 10

coordinating skilled, sequential, and voluntary muscle activity.

Front 11

Function is impaired on the side ____ to the lesion

Back 11

ipsilateral

Front 12

Lesions to the cerebellum/cerebellar tracts cause

Back 12

hypotonia
incoordination (errors in force, speed, timing range and direction of movements)

Front 13

Lesions causing speech problems are typically ____, in the ____, or _____.

Back 13

bilateral
in the vermis (midline)
generalized

Front 14

Input channels

Back 14

spinocerebellar pathways
vestibulocerebellar tracts
corticopontocerebellar tracts

Front 15

Output channels

Back 15

dentorubrothalamic to cortex
rubrospinal, vestibulospinal and reticulospinal to LMNs

Front 16

What is important for motor control, particularly for cerebellar coordination of movement

Back 16

sensory information/feedback

Front 17

Whose axons leave the cerebellar cortex?

Back 17

Purkinje cells

Front 18

The ___ and ____ are most involved in motor speech control

Back 18

vermis
cerebellar hemispheres

Front 19

Function of cerebellum

Back 19

uncertain
helps coordinate timing between single components and movement
scales size of muscular actions
coordinates sequence of agonist & antagonist muscle groups
steadiness of movements
initiation of fast limb movements

Front 20

General Characteristics

Coordination

Back 20

disrupted smooth coordination of movement
general discoordination of motor acts
failure to coordinate sensory data with motor performance

Front 21

General Characteristics

Complex motor acts

Back 21

decomposition of movement into component parts

Front 22

General Characteristics

Equilibrium

Back 22

disequilibrium
broadbased gait
difficulty with balance (standing and seated)
staggering
frequent falls

Front 23

General Characteristics

Ability to gauge distance, speed and power of movement is characterized by:

Back 23

dysmetria, the inability to gauge distance, speed and power of movement resulting in overshooting/undershooting target, jerkiness, and rebound effect.

Front 24

General Characteristics

diadochokinesia

Back 24

Dysdiadochokinesia: inability to perform rapid alternating movements of muscles
AMRs and SMRs may be irregular, poorly timed, and with excessive excursion

Front 25

General Characteristics

___tonia

Back 25

DYStonia
also seen in flaccid
muscle lack normal tone
decreased resistance to passive movement
w/ MS may be spastic (mixed)

Front 26

General Characteristics

Tremor

Back 26

intention/kinetic tremor (doesn't begin until movement is initiated)
terminal tremor (increases toward end of movemetn)

Front 27

General Characteristics

Rate of Movement

Back 27

voluntary movements are initiated slowly and remain slow throughout (not a great way to distinguish between spastic and ataxic)

Front 28

General Characteristics

Stretch reflexes

Back 28

usually normal

Front 29

General Characteristics

eye movements

Back 29

may be irregular (nystagmus)

Front 30

General Characteristics

common pathological reflex

Back 30

pendulous reflex: knee swings several times

Front 31

Flocconodular lesions result in

Back 31

truncal ataxia
disturbance of gait
nystagmus

Front 32

Anterior lobe lesions result in

Back 32

gait ataxia

Front 33

Posterior lobe lesions result in

Back 33

limb ataxia
hypotonia
intention tremor
incoordination (ipsilateral to lesion)

Front 34

Lesion to the vermis or bilateral cerebellar hemispheres or diffuse damage results in

Back 34

ataxic dysarthria!

Front 35

Confirmatory signs (6)

Back 35

hypotonia
slow voluntary movements
jerky movements
wide-based gait
intention tremor
dysmetric jaw, face, tongue, AMRs

Front 36

Speech Characteristics

Articulation

Back 36

imprecise consonants,
inconsistent errors
BUT ESPECIALLY:
vowel distortions
irregular and transient articulatory breakdowns
irregular AMRs

Front 37

Speech Characteristics

Resonance

Back 37

usually intact
occasional hypernasality
nasal emission rare

Front 38

Speech Characteristics

Phonation

Back 38

vocal quality fairly normal
may see excessive loudness
harsh voice sometimes seen

Front 39

Speech Characteristics

Prosody

Back 39

MOST COMMON AND OBVIOUS
excess and equal stress
prolongation of phonemes and intervals between phonemes
explosive speech/loudness variations
slowed rate
monopitch and monoloudness
scanning speech (pause after each syllable)

Front 40

Best distinguishing features

Back 40

irregular/transient articulatory breakdowns
irregular AMRs
distorted vowels
excess/equal prosodic stress
prolonged phonemes
prolonged intervales
loudness variations
monopitch & monoloudness
slowed rate

Front 41

What is a progressive degenerative spinocerebellar disease of adolescence and early adulthood that primarily involves long tracts of the spinal chord but affects the cerebellum as well?

Back 41

Friedriech's Ataxia

Front 42

"lack of order"

Back 42

ataxia

Front 43

Main output channel from cerebellum

Back 43

superior peduncle