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237 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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welfare
|
el bienestar
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person working in the fields
|
el bracero
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field, countryside
|
el campo
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harvest
|
la cosecha
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smuggler (of people)
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el coyote
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border
|
la frontera
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cultural heritage
"I am Cuban (female). That is my cultural heritage." |
la herencia cultural
"Soy cubana. Ésa es mi herencia cultural." |
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person without legal documents
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el/la indocumentado/a
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struggle, fight
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la lucha
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abuse, mistreatment
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el maltrato
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labor force, manpower
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la mano de obra
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immigration agents
|
la migra
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work permit
|
el permiso de trabajo
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permanent residence card
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la tarjeta de residente
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migrant worker(s)
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el/la trabajador/a migratorio/a
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cotton
"To gather cotton is a hard job." |
el algodón
"Recoger algodón es un trabajo duro." |
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ancestor
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el/la antepasado/a
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inequality
|
la desigualdad
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home
"There is no place like one's own home." |
el hogar
"No hay ningún lugar como tu proprio hogar." |
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equality
|
la igualdad
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native person
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el/la indígena
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injustice
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la injusticia
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mother tongue
|
la lengua materna
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standard of living
|
el nivel de vida
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trade
|
el oficio
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office
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la oficina
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pride
|
el orgullo
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pay
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la paga
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population
|
la población
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prejudice
|
el prejuicio
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racism
|
el racismo
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race (ethnicity)
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la raza
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minimum wage
|
el salario mínimo
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salary
|
el sueldo
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violence
|
la violencia
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to adapt (oneself)
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adaptarse
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to fullfil one's dream
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alcanzar su sueño
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to assimilate
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asimilarse
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to get, obtain
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conseguir (i)
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to cross
"Many cross the border illegally." |
cruzar
"Muchos cruzan la frontera ilegalmente." |
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to cultivate
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cultivar
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to deport, send a person back to his/her country
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deportar
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to hate, dislike
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detestar
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to emigrate
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emigrar
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to push
"We had to push the car when it broke down." |
empujar
"Tuvimos que empujar el coche cuando se descompuso." |
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to establish
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establecer (zc)
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to earn, win
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ganar
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to ear one's living
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ganarse la vida
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to scream, to shout
"The boy screams without reason." |
gritar
"El niño grita sin razón." |
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to become part of
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integrarse
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to pull
"Pull the door to open it." |
jalar (halar)
"Jale (Hale) la puerta para abrirla." Note: halar is considered more formal. |
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to attain
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lograr
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to cry
"Don't cry anymore, my girl." |
llorar
"¡No llores más, mi niña!" |
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to support (a family)
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mantener (una familia)
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to improve
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mejorar
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to force
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obligar
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to pay
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pagar
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to belong
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pertenecer (zc)
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to pick
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piscar
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to reject
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rechazar
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to gather
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recoger
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to get together
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reunirse
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to bear, to put up with, to stand a person
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soportar
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to sigh
"She sighs every time that she talks about her country." |
suspirar
"Suspira cada vez que habla de su país." |
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to succeed
|
tener éxito
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to be afraid
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tener miedo
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to swallow
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tragar
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pretty, attractive
"How pretty you look with that pink dress!" |
bonito/a
"¡Qué bonita te ves con ese vestido rosado!" |
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thick
"The woman has thick fingers." |
grueso/a
"La mujer tiene dedos gruesos." |
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by, next to
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junto/a
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rejected
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rechazado/a
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alone
"She is alone in this country. She doesn't have anybody." |
solo/a
"Ella está sola en este país. No tiene a nadie." |
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soft, smooth
"The woman has a very soft voice." |
suave
"La mujer tiene una voz muy suave." |
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besides, in addition to
"Besides being hungry, they have to worry about the INS agents." |
además
"Además de pasar hambre, tienen que preocuparse por la migra." |
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in the end
"At the end of the movie, they don't find happiness." |
al final
"Al final de la película, no encuentran la felicidad." |
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all of a sudden
"He surprised us when, all of a suddent, he spoke in English." |
de súbito
"Nos sorprendió cuando, de súbito, habló en inglés." |
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what + verb +
"What's happening is that I can't help you." "What he said was that you have to go back to your country." "What I felt was fear." |
lo que + verbo +
"Lo que pasa es que no puedo ayudarlo." "Lo que dijo fue que tienes que volver a tu país." "Lo que sentía era miedo." |
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beyond
"Beyond the problems of the migrant workers, the movie presents the story of a boy's assimilation to a new culture." |
más allá de
"Más allá de los problemas de los trabajadores migratorios, la película presenta la historia de la asimilación de un niño a una nueva cultura." |
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therefore
"They don't have jobs; therefore, they can't buy food." |
por lo tanto
"No tienen trabajo; por lo tanto, no pueden comprar comida." |
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descendant (n.)
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el/la descendiente
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justice
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la justicia
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Chicano slang
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el pocho
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to tell each other
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contarse (ue)
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to devote (oneself) to
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dedicarse a
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to understand each other
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entenderse (ie)
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Central America
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América Central
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South America
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América del Sur
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neighborhood
|
el barrio
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Costa Rican
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el/la costarricense
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Chicano
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el/la chicano
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Cuban
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el/la cubano
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Dominican
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el/la dominicano/a
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Guatemalan
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el/la guatemalteco/a
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Spanish speaker
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el hispanohablante
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Honduran
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el/la hondureño
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Mexican
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el/la mexicano/a
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Nicaraguan
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el/la nicaragüense
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Puerto Rican
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el/la puertorriqueño/a
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San Salvadoran
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el/la salvadoreño
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abuse (n.)
|
el abuso
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bilingual (adj.)
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bilingüe
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bilingualism
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el bilingüismo
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deportation
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la deportación
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racial discrimination
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la discriminación racial
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emigrant
|
el/la emigrante
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to emigrate
|
emigrar
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stereotype (n.)
|
el estereotipo
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exploitation
|
la explotación
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immigration
|
la inmigración
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immigrant
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el/la inmigrante
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to immigrate
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inmigrar
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male chauvinism
|
el machismo
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monolingual (adj.)
|
monolingüe
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There is, there are (existence)
"There are many Chicanos in California." |
haber
Haber is used in the third person singular as "hay". It is equivalent of "there is, there are." "Hay muchos Chicanos en California." |
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One has to
"The article about immigration has to be read." |
hay que
"Hay" can also be used with "que" to indicate necessity, without indicating who is performing the action. "Hay que leer el artículo sobre la inmigración." |
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To have (in sense of possession)
"I have a visa to work in the U.S.A." |
tener
"Yo tengo visa para trabajar en los EE. UU." |
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To have to (obligation)
"We have to find a solution." |
Tener que + infinitivo
"Tenemos que encontrar una solución." |
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Verb used to report a request for something, or to ask that someone do something.
"The INS is requesting the names of our employees." "Request the report from my lawyer." |
pedir
"El Servicio de Inmigración nos pide los nombres de nuestros empleados." "Pídele el informe a mi abogada." |
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Verb used to report a question or to request information
"Do you want a six-month visa' "He asks (me) if I want a six-month visa." "Please ask in the Consulate what hours they serve the public." |
preguntar
"Usted quiere una visa de seis meses?" "Me pregunta si quiero una visa de seis meses." "Por favor, pregunta en el consulado el horario de atención al público." |
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Verb used to inquire about a person
"The governor is asking for the consul." |
preguntar por
"La gobernadora pregunta por el cónsul." |
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"What did you say?"
"What is it that you want to say?" "Do you mean to say that...?" |
"¿Cómo dice(s)?"
"¿Qué es lo que quiere(s) decir? "¿Quiere(s) decir que...?" |
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"What does ____ mean?"
"I don't know if I understand correctly." |
"¿Qué quiere decir _____ ?"
"No sé si comprendo bien." |
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"I didn't understand very well."
"I don't understand. Can you repeat it, please?" |
"No entendí bien."
"No entiendo. ¿Puede(s) repetir , por favor?" |
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"I agree."
"Yes I do (to me, yes)" "Yes I do." |
"Estoy de acuerdo."
"A mí sí." "Yo sí." |
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"I disagree."
"No, I don't. (to me, no)" "No, I don't." |
"No estoy de acuerdo."
"A mí, no." "Yo no." |
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"(to) Me too."
"(Yes), I do too." |
"A mí también." (with verbs like gustar)
"(Sí), yo también." Note: también is used to agree after an affirmative statement. Tampoco is used to agree after a negative statement. |
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"(to) Me neither."
"(No), I don't either. |
"A mí tampoco." (with verbs like gustar)
"(No), yo tampoco." Note: también is used to agree after an affirmative statement. Tampoco is used to agree after a negative statement. |
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to finish, run out
(se accidental reflexive) |
acabar
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to fall, slip away
(se accidental reflexive) |
caer
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to break down
(se accidental reflexive) |
descomponer
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to escape
(se accidental reflexive) |
escapar
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to go, go away
(se accidental reflexive) |
ir
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to die
(se accidental reflexive) |
morir
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to occur
(se accidental reflexive) |
ocurir
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to forget
(se accidental reflexive) |
olvidar
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to lose
(se accidental reflexive) |
perder
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to remain
(se accidental reflexive) |
quedar
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to burn
(se accidental reflexive) |
quemar
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to break
(se accidental reflexive) |
romper
(se accidental reflexive) |
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to expire
(se accidental reflexive) |
vencer
(se accidental reflexive) |
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Reflexive construction for unplanned events (se accidental reflexive)
"I lost the passports." "My father lost the work permit." |
se + I.O.P. + 3rd person verb + noun
"Se me perdieron los pasaportes." "A mi padre se le perdió el permiso de trabajo." |
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Verbs like gustar
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aburrir, caer bien/mal, disgustar,
divertir, importar, interesar, encantar, entusiasmar, faltar, fastidiar, molestar, parecer, quedar |
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Pattern of verbs like gustar
English: Subject + Verb + Object "I (don't) like Puerto Rican food." |
Español:
Indirect Obj. + Verb + Subj. "(No) Me gusta la comida puertorriqueña." Note: When followed by an infinitive or series of infinitives, the verb is singular. |
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to bore
|
aburrir (como gustar)
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to suit/not to suit,
to like/not to like a person |
caer bien/mal (como gustar)
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to annoy, displease
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disgustar (como gustar)
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to have fun, amuse
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divertir (como gustar)
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to matter, to be important, to care about
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importar (como gustar)
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to interest
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interesar (como gustar)
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to delight, love
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encantar (como gustar)
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to be enthusiastic (about something)
|
entusiasmar (como gustar)
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to be missing, lacking
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faltar (como gustar)
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to fascinate
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fascinar (como gustar)
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to vex, disappoint
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fastidiar (como gustar)
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to bother
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molestar (como gustar)
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to seem
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parecer (como gustar)
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to remain, have left
|
quedar (como gustar)
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Prepositional Pronouns
(pronouns that follow prepositions) |
mí, ti,
él/ella/Ud. nosotors/as, vosotros/as. ellos/ellas/Uds. Note: After the preposition con, 1st and 2nd person become conmigo and contigo |
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to be fed up
"The field workers were fed up from working for little money." |
hartarse
"Los braceros se hartaron de trabajar por poco dinero." |
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rabbit
|
el conejo
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feather
|
la pluma
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flights of stairs
|
tramos de escaleras
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owner
|
el propietario
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whatever
|
cualquiera/cualesquiera
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seagul
|
la gaviota
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dazzling
|
azorado/a
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prayer
|
la plegaria
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"The weather is good."
"It is sunny." "It is hot/cold." "It is windy." |
"Hace buen tiempo."
"Hace sol." "Hace calor/frío." "Hace/Hay viento." |
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"There are clouds."
"It's sunny." "It's cloudy." |
"Hay nubes."
"Está soleado." "Está nublado." |
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"It rains."
"It snows." |
"Llueve."
"Nieva." |
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"to be hot/cold (for people and animals"
"to be sleepy" "to be afraid" |
"tener calor/frío"
"tener sueño" "tener hambre/sed" "tener miedo." |
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"to be lucky"
"to be successful: "to feel like..." "to be right" |
"tener suerte"
"tener éxito" "tener ganas de..." "tener razón" |
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How?
Which? Which one(s)? When? |
¿Cómo?
¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles? ¿Cuándo? |
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How much?
How many? Where? Where...from? Where to? |
¿Cuánto/a?
¿Cuántos/as? ¿Dónde? ¿De dónde? ¿Adónde? |
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Why?
What? Who? |
¿Por qué?
¿Qué? ¿Quién? Quiénes? |
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Qué vs. Cuál:
When to use Cuál |
1. Cual is used when there is the possibility of choice in the answer.
2. Use ¿Cuál es? in singular and ¿Cuáles son? in the plural form." |
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Qué vs. Cuál:
When to use Qué |
Use ¿Qué? when asking for
1. an explanation, 2. a definition, or 3. ¿Qué? may also be used when there is a choice in which the items do not belong to the same group or set |
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Reflexive Pronouns
|
me, te, se,
nos, os, se |
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Position of Reflexive Pronoun
1. In sentences with a simple verb, it is placed before the conjugated verb. "We do not go to bed late." |
"Nosotras no nos acostamos tarde."
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Position of Reflexive Pronoun
2. In sentences with a complex verb, it is placed after and attached to the infinitive or gerund or before the conjugated verb "The chiledn are going to get up early." |
"Los niños van a levantarse temprano."
"Los niños se van a levantar temprano." |
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Position of Reflexive Pronoun
3. It is placed after and attached to the affirmative command but it precedes the negative command. "Wash your teeth after every meal." |
"Lávate los dientes después de cada comida."
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to go to bed
|
acostarse (ue)
|
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to shave
|
afeitarse
|
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to get ready, dress up
|
arreglarse
|
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to bathe
|
bañarse
|
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to brush (hair/teeth)
|
cepillarse (el pelo/los dientes)
|
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to wake up
|
despertarse (ie)
|
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to undress
|
devestirse (i)
|
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to fall asleep
|
dormirse (ue, u)
|
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to shower
|
ducharse
|
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to wash oneself
|
lavarse
|
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to get up
|
levantarse
|
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to put on make-up
|
maquillarse
|
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to comb one's hair
|
peinarse
|
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to put on perfume
|
perfumarse
|
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to put on one's clothes
|
ponerse (la ropa)
|
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to take off one's clothes
|
quitarse (la ropa)
|
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to dry oneself
|
secarse
|
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|
to get dressed
|
vestirse (i)
|
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to remember
|
acordarse (de) (ue)
|
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to adapt
|
adaptarse
|
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to devote oneself to
|
dedicarse (a)
|
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to say good-bye to
|
despedirse (de) (i)
|
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to have a good time
|
divertirse (ie)
|
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to move (address)
|
mudarse
|
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to resemble
|
parecerse (zc)
|
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to wonder
|
preguntarse
|
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to worry
|
preocuparse (por)
|
|
|
to get ready
|
prepararse
|
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to be wrong
|
equivocarse
|
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|
to establish
|
establecerse (zc)
|
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to go away , leave
|
irse
|
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to be called
|
llamarse
|
|
|
to complain
|
quejarse (de)
|
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|
to get together
|
reunirse
|
|
|
to sit down
|
sentarse (ie)
|
|
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to feel
|
sentirse (ie)
|
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|
to embrace (reciprocal verb)
|
abrazarse (reciprocal verb)
|
|
|
to lean on (reciprocal verb)
|
apoyarse (reciprocal verb)
|
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to help (reciprocal verb)
|
ayudarse (reciprocal verb)
|
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to kiss (reciprocal verb)
|
besarse (reciprocal verb)
|
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|
to get engaged (reciprocal verb)
|
comprometerse (reciprocal verb)
|
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|
to get to know a person, meet
(reciprocal verb) |
conocerse (zc)
(reciprocal verb) |
|
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to tell each other everything
(reciprocal verb) |
contarse (ue) todo
(reciprocal verb) |
|
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to criticize (reciprocal verb)
|
criticarse (reciprocal verb)
|
|
|
to say good-bye (reciprocal verb)
|
despedirse (i) (reciprocal verb)
|
|
|
to hate (reciprocal verb)
|
detestarse (reciprocal verb)
|
|
|
to understand one another (reciprocal verb)
|
entenderse (reciprocal verb)
|
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|
to become friends (reciprocal verb)
|
hacerse amigo/a (reciprocal verb)
|
|
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to get together (reciprocal verb)
|
juntarse (reciprocal verb)
|
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|
to get allong well/badly (reciprocal verb)
|
llevarse bien/mal
(reciprocal verb) |
|
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to fight (reciprocal verb)
|
pelearse (reciprocal verb)
|
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to greet (reciprocal verb)
|
saludarse (reciprocal verb)
|
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|
to separate (reciprocal verb)
|
separarse (reciprocal verb)
|
|
|
to stand a person (reciprocal verb)
|
soportarse (reciprocal verb)
|
|
|
to tolerate (reciprocal verb)
|
tolerarse (reciprocal verb)
|
|
|
Forming Diminutives
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1. Nouns that end in -a/o drop the vowel and add -ito/a
2. Nouns that end in consonants other than n and r, add -ito/a to word end 3. Nouns that end in -e/n/s add -cito/a to word 4. One syllable (zc) words add -cito/a 5. One syllable words that end in -z change to -ce before adding -cito/a. |
