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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Therapeutic Modalities |
Thermal Electrical Electromagnetic Sound Mechanical |
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Thermal Conductive Energy |
Thermotherapy/Cryotherapy |
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Effects of Heat Therapy |
Increased collagen extensibility Decreasing joint stiffness Reducing Pain Relieving muscle spasm Reduction of edema and swelling I Increasing blood flow |
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4 Transmission of Thermal Energy |
Conduction Convection Radiation Conversion |
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Conduction |
Heat is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one Ex: moist hot packs, paraffin, ice packs, and cold packs |
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Convection |
Transfer of heat through movement of fluids or gases Ex: Whirlpools |
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Radiation |
Heating is transferred from one object through space to another object Ex: Shortwave diathermy, infrared heating, and ultraviolet therapy |
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Conversion |
Generation of heat from another object Ex: sound, electricity, or chemical agents |
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Other Thermal Energy Stuff |
Whirlpool Bath Paraffin Bath Fluidotherapy |
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Cryotherapy |
Used in first aid treatment of trauma to the musculoskeletal system, reduces many adverse conditions related to inflammation and the reactive phase of an acute injury |
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Most common means of cold therapy |
ice packs and ice immersions |
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Effects of Cold |
Vasoconstriction Hunting Response (Measured Temp Change) Blood Viscosity Decreases Extent of Hypoxic Injury to Cells |
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY MODALITIES |
Target sensory, motor, and pain nerve fibers in an effort to produce specific physiological effects Ex: TENS machine |
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ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY MODALITIES |
Ex: shortwave diathermy Laser Therapy - Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation |
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SOUND ENERGY MODALITIES |
Ex: Therapeutic Ultrasound: Modality which stimulates repair of soft tissue and pain relief - Form of acoustic energy used for deep tissue healing |
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MECHANICAL ENERGY MODALITIES |
Ex: Traction... Massage Drawing Tension applied to a body segment |
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Ischemia |
lack of blood supply to a body part |
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Hunting Response |
causes a slight temp increase during cooling |
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Cryokinetics |
combines cryotherapy with exercise |
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Amperes |
measurement of volume or amount of electrical energy |
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OHMS |
measurement of resistance |
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Voltage |
FORCE
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Watts |
measurement of power |
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frequency |
measured in pulses per second, cycles per second, & hertz |
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Attenuation |
A decrease in intensity as sound enters deeper tissue |
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Piezoelectric Effect |
electrical current produced by applying pressure to certain synthetic crystals, such as quartz |
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Effecting Radiating Area |
The portion of transducer that produces sound energy |
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Beam Nonuniformity Ratio |
The amount of variability in intensity of the ultrasound beam |
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Coupling Medium |
used to facilitate the transmission of ultrasound into the tissues |
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Effleurage |
Stroking |
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Petrissage |
Kneading |
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Friction |
heat-producing massage |
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Tapotement |
percussion |
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Vibration |
rapid shaking |
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tetany |
maximum muscle contraction |
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Proprioception |
the ability to determine the position of a joint in space |
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Kinesthesia |
the ability to detect movement |
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Buoyancy |
The tendency of a body to float or rise when placed in water |
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5 Components of of Rehab |
-Control pain and inflammation -maintain or improve ROM -Restore and increase strength -Re-establish neuromuscular control -maintain levels of cardiorespiratory fitness |
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Atrophy |
loss of muscle mass - greatest atrophy occurring in type 1 fibers prevented thru isometric contractions and electrical stimulation |
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Major Major Components of Rehab |
Minimizing Initial Swelling Controlling pain Re-establishing Neuromuscular Control Establishing or Enhancing Core Stability Regaining or Improving Range of Motion Restoring or Increasing Muscular Strength & Endurance |
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Minimize Initial Swelling: |
minimizing swelling significantly speeds the healing process, PRICE |
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Controlling Pain: |
PRICE, analgesics and medication can be used to modify pain, and pain can interfere with rehab and therefor must be addressed throughout he rehab process |
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Re-establishing Neuromuscular Control: |
-Following injury, body forgets how to integrate info, coming in from multiple biological sources -repetition of same movement, step by step until it becomes automatic |
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Establishing or Enhancing Core Stability: |
-Important component of all strengthening and comprehensive injury prevention program -Will improve dynamic postural control, ensure appropriate muscular balance, allow for expression of dynamic functional strength, improve neuromuscular efficiency |
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Regaining or Improving Range of Motion: |
Injury to a joint will always be associated with some loss of motion
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Restoring or Increasing Muscular Strength and Endurance: |
-Must work through a full pain free range of motion when working on strength
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Developing a rehabilitative plan: |
Must be Carefully Designed History -how it was sustained -major anatomical structures involved -the grade of trauma -stage of phase of healing |
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Goals should be: |
-measurable, realistic, attainable -athlete should be made aware of goals |
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Exercise Phases/Rehab Phases |
-Preoperative Phase (only before surgery) -Phase 1 - Acute Inflammatory Response -Phase 2 - Repair Phase -Phase 3 - The Maturation/Remodeling Phase |
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Phase 1 |
ACUTE INFLAMMATORY REPONSE -may last up to 4 days -immobility for first 2 days -rest, but active rest -lots of PRICEing |
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Phase 2 |
REPAIR PHASE -repair is underway and pain is less -pain control is still critical -the addition of cardio, strengthening, flexibility and neuromuscular activities should be gradually added |
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Phase 3 |
MATURATION/REMODELING PHASE -Longest of 3 phases -Pain is minimal (none to the touch) and collagen must be realigned according to tensile strength applied to them during functional activities -regain sport-specific skills -functional training -plyometrics |
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Criteria for FULL RETURN TO PLAY |
-Patient is fully reconditioned, achieved full ROM, strength, neuromuscular control, cardiovascular fitness and sports specific functional skills -patient is mentally prepared |
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Aquatic Exercise |
-Water submersion offers an excellent environment for beginning a program of exercise therapy or it can compliment all phases of rehab -Buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure present versatile exercise environment |
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Which of the following are vital concerns when designing an effective rehabilitation program? |
-providing correct and immediate first aid -reducing pain -restoring full range of motion |
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What are the most commonly used strengthening techniques in a rehabilitation program? |
-Eccentric -Isokinetic -Progressive Resistance Exercises -Concentric Exercises |
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Plyometric Exercises are most often incorporated into what stage/phase of a rehabilitation program? |
Maturation |
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In considering the athlete's return to activity, the following concerns should be addressed except for: |
Dieting intake |
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The concept of neuromuscular control involves each of these except: |
Regianing ability to perform activity through one repetition |
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Which of the following modalities should be used to minimize swelling and produce analgesia? |
Crushed ice |
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What involves a systematic manipulation of soft tissue? |
Ultrasound |
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Thermal Energy can be transferred by all of the following EXCEPT: |
Conduction |
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An example of a Therapeutic modality that uses the principle of radiant energy is? |
Shortwave Diathermy |
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The process whereby ions in solution are carried through the intact skin by an electrical current is called: |
Iontophoresis |
