Aswb Physiology

Front 1

Neuron-specialized cell that is directly involved in _______ processes and ________

Back 1

mental processes and behavior.

Front 2

Name the 3 functional types of neurons.

Back 2

sensory, inter-neurons, motor.

Front 3

Most of our neurons are present at _____and die off gradually. less than what % is lost by age 70?

Back 3

birth2%

Front 4

what NT causes muscles to contract? decreased levels of it are assoc w/ Alzheimer's

Back 4

Ach

Front 5

Catecholamines include norepi and epi, and dopamine. a lack of dopamine causes

Back 5

Parkinson's, movement problems

Front 6

Catecholamine hypothesis: some forms of depression due to a deficiency in __________ mania due to excessive _________

Back 6

norepi, norepi

Front 7

Serotonin: linked to personality, mood, hunger, temp regulation, sexual activity, aggression, arousal, onset of sleep. High level assoc. w/________

Back 7

schizophrenia, and autism.

Front 8

Permissive theory- what NT? interacts with other NT to produce mood disorders.

Back 8

Serotonin, Esp. if serotonin is low.

Front 9

Nervous system is divided into 2 parts, central NS and _________nervous system.

Back 9

Peripheral

Front 10

PNS is divided into 2 parts. Name them.

Back 10

Somatic and Autonomic

Front 11

Somatic Nervous system carries info from CNS to where?

Back 11

voluntary sensory and muscular

Front 12

Autonomic NS is concerned with information about what systems?

Back 12

involuntary (heart, blood vessels, intestines

Front 13

Autonomic NS is subdivided into 2 parts. Name them.

Back 13

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

Front 14

Sympathetic is active during which time-fight or flight or mellow?

Back 14

Fight or flight

Front 15

Parasympathetic is active when? Fight or flight or mellow?

Back 15

Mellow

Front 16

CNS has 2 main components: the _______ and the _____-______.

Back 16

brain, spinal cord

Front 17

Stress has been found to play a role in what % of all physical illnesses .

Back 17

With 50-70%

Front 18

general adaption syndrome (Seyle) has three stages: A______ Reaction, R________ Stage and E______ stage.

Back 18

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.

Front 19

Alarm Reaction the _______ or ________.

Front 20

Resistance Stage is where the body appears to return to normal but has lowered resistance to _________. Epinephrine and ACTH levels remain high

Back 20

infection and disease.

Front 21

Exhaustion stage pituitary and _________ glands lose their ability to maintain elevated hormone levels.

Back 21

Adrenal

Front 22

immunosuppression may be caused by _________

Back 22

stress.

Front 23

laughter and positive states of mind can enhance the __________ system.

Back 23

Immune

Front 24

The Catecholamine hypothesis suggests that some forms of depression are due to a deficiency in the NT ___________.

Back 24

norepinephrine

Front 25

in the past, excessive amounts of the NT _________ relate to the development of schizophrenia; more recent research however has implicated elevated levels of NT ___________ and ___________.

Back 25

Dopamine, norepi, serotonin

Front 26

low levels of GABA are associated with ___________disease in our also thought to underlies schizophrenia and ___________.

Back 26

Huntington's, anxiety.

Front 27

Psycho physiological disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that are caused maintain or exacerbated by _________ factors. these disorders include those classified as “psychological factors affecting medical condition”

Back 27

Emotional

Front 28

Diathesis-stress model people show at this position to a particular ________weakness which is observable during times of ___________. examples include ulcers, asthma, hyperventilation, hypertension, migraines and PMS.

Back 28

Organ, stress

Front 29

Because they involve hormones disorders of the _________ system have both physical and psychological symptoms. disorders include diabetes hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, Addison, and Cushing's disease

Back 29

Endocrine.

Front 30

The cause of bronchial asthma varies from person to person but allergens and __________are the most common physical precipitants; psychological causes generally include strong _________.

Back 30

Infections, emotional reactions.

Front 31

the primary secretion of the thyroid is ________, which regulates body ________. Hypersecretion produces _________ and low secretion produces _________.

Back 31

Thryroxine, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism.

Front 32

The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone Hyposecretion of aldosterone and cortisol causes _________ Disease.

Back 32

Hypersecretion is _________.

Front 33

some people suffering from chronic pain have been found to have abnormally low levels of ________ in their cerebrospinal fluid.

Back 33

Serotonin

Front 34

the some kinds of stress are good because they produce the short term ________ to operate at an ________ level.

Back 34

Energy, optimal

Front 35

type those secretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is associated with __________.

Back 35

diabetes inspidus.

Front 36

What are Chemical substances that are released from Neuron Axon terminals?

Back 36

Neurotransmitters

Front 37

What does a Neurotransmitter produce? How?

Back 37

It produces excitation or inhibition in a post synoptic cell by altering the permeability of the cells membrane

Front 38

Endorphins

Back 38

Endorphins are inhibitory neuromodulators that lower the sensitivity of postsynaptic neurons to neurotransmitters

Front 39

What consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves that connect with the spinal cord and 12 pairs of cranial nerves that connect directly to the brain

Back 39

The Peripheral Nervous System

Front 40

How many groups are the spinal nerves divided into and what are they?

Back 40

Five-Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal nerves

Front 41

True or False: The parasympathetic division is more specific in it's actions than the Sympathetic branch. For example, a cinder in the eye causes tearing only, not tearing, salivation, slowed heart rate, and decreased blood pressure.

Back 41

True

Front 42

Properties of Endorphins

Back 42

-Analgesic (Pain Killing)

Front 43

What Neurotransmitter has been implicated in certain pleasurable experiences (eg. the runners high) and the control of emotions, memory, and learning, and sexual behavior.

Back 43

Endorphins

Front 44

What is made up of bundles of myelinated axons (nerve tracts) as well as dendrites, cell bodies, and inter neurons

Back 44

The spinal cord

Front 45

What does the spinal cord do?

Back 45

It carries information between the brain and the PNS coordinates the activities of the left and right sides of the bodies and controls simple reflexes that do not involve the brain.

Front 46

What type of messages do nerve fibers carry in the superior portion of the spinal cord, the dorsal horns

Back 46

They carry Afferent (Sensory)

Front 47

What type of messages do nerve fibers transmit in the inferior portion of the spinal cord, the ventral horns

Back 47

They transmit efferent (motor) messages

Front 48

What may occur during the Exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Back 48

Depression and illness(Ulcers, essential hypertension) or in extreme case death may occur.

Front 49

What is the name of stress that elicits good feelings and provides the short term energy needed to function at an optimal level?

Back 49

Eustress

Front 50

The Pituitary Gland

Back 50

Referred to as the "Master Gland" because of it's influence on the other endocrine glands.

Front 51

Properties of Endorphins

Back 51

-Analgesic (Pain Killing). May be responsible for the pain relief produced by Acupuncture.

Front 52

True or False: With some exceptions the visceral muscles and glands are innervated by both systems which generally work in opposition to control such functions as respiration circulation, and digestion?

Back 52

True

Front 53

Pancreas involved in ______ release. Disorders include: hypoglycemia, and diabetes.

Back 53

glucose