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211 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The work of Francis Bacon that described an ideal society based
on organized and applied science and which had a part in the formation of what was to become the Royal Society was the |
AA S 1 (1) New Atlantis
(2) Principles of Philosophy (3) Novum Organum (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
The philosophical system of Rene Descartes was based on critical
doubt and the |
AA S 1 (1) deductive method
(2) inductive method (3) a combination of inductive and deductive methods (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 3 Historically, the first scientific society was the
|
AA S 1 (1) Accademia dei Lincei in Italy
(2) Academie des Sciences in France (3) Royal Society of London (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 4 The large satellite of Saturn, Titan, was discovered by
|
AA S 1 (1) Christiaan Huygens
(2) G. D. Cassini (Cassini I) (3) Johannes Hevelius (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 5 According to Newton's first law of motion, an object that is not acted
on by any external forces |
AA S 1 (1) moves with constant velocity
(2) moves with constant speed but not necessarily constant velocity (3) comes to rest or remains at rest (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 6 Uniform circular motion is caused by the operation of a
|
AA S 1 (1) centripetal force
(2) centrifugal "force" (3) gravitational force (4) tidal force (5) NVA |
|
QQ 7 Newton's universal gravitation
|
AA S 1 (1) acts throughout the Universe and is of infinite range
(2) acts only out to the orbit of the Moon (3) acts everywhere in the Universe but is of limited range (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 8 According to Newton, an object fired from the Earth with more than the
escape velocity will follow a trajectory that is part of a/an |
AA S 1 (1) hyperbolic orbit
(2) elliptical orbit (3) parabolic orbit (4) circular orbit (5) NVA |
|
QQ 9 Newton's version of Kepler's Third Law (the Harmonic Law) is
extremely important because it |
AA S 1 (1) allows us to estimate the masses of astronomical bodies (planets,
stars, and galaxies) (2) allows us to calculate the orbital periods of binary stars from the semimajor axes of their orbits (3) shows the intrinsic harmony of the Universe of which we are a part (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 10 The Earth's oblateness is caused by
|
AA S 1 (1) its rotation and the resulting centrifugal "force"
(2) the tidal forces of the Moon and, to a lesser degree, the Sun (3) the way it originally formed (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 11 The tidal force caused by the Moon at the place on Earth opposite
the Moon is directed |
AA S 1 (1) away from the Moon
(2) towards the Moon (3) in the direction of Earth's rotation (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 12 If the Earth were perfectly spherical instead of oblate,
|
AA S 1 (1) there would be no precession
(2) precession would be much slower than now but still happening (3) there would still be precession at the same rate as now but with a much greater tilt (obliquity) (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 13 Which of the following did Halley not do in connection with
Newton's Principia? |
AA S 1 (1) write a portion of it
(2) pay for publication (3) encourage Newton to write it (4) mediate a dispute over priority between Newton and Hooke (5) NVA |
|
QQ 14 The most accurate star positions measured without using a telescope
were those of |
AA S 1 (1) Hevelius
(2) Tycho Brahe (3) Flamsteed (4) Hipparchus (5) NVA |
|
QQ 15 Ole Roemer introduced the practice of measuring one of the equatorial
coordinates by recording the sidereal time at which a star transits the celestial meridian. Which coordinate was it? |
AA S 1 (1) right ascension
(2) declination (3) celestial longitude (4) celestial latitude (5) NVA |
|
QQ 16 To measure the shape of the Earth, one measures the length of a
degree of latitude at different latitudes. If the Earth is prolate, a degree of latitude is |
AA S 1 (1) longer at the Equator than at the poles
(2) longer at the poles than at the Equator (3) longest midway between the Equator and the poles (latitude 45 degrees) (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 17 The first expedition to bring back data to show that the Earth is
in fact oblate was that headed by |
AA S 1 (1) Maupertuis
(2) Bouguer and La Condamine (3) Halley (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 18 The straight-line (collinear) solution for the gravitational
three-body problem was put forward by |
AA S 1 (1) Euler
(2) Lagrange (3) Laplace (4) Clairaut (5) NVA |
|
QQ 19 The branch of astronomy that deals with orbital motions of
astronomical bodies is |
AA S 1 (1) celestial mechanics
(2) astrometry (3) spectroscopy (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 20 The "Great Inequality" involves slight orbital irregularities
associated with a resonance between the planets |
AA S 1 (1) Jupiter and Saturn
(2) Uranus and Neptune (3) Mars and Jupiter (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 21 The planet Uranus was discovered by
|
AA S 1 (1) W. Herschel
(2) Galle and d'Arrest (3) Adams and LeVerrier (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 22 The planet Neptune was discovered by
|
AA S 1 (1) Galle and d'Arrest
(2) Adams and LeVerrier (3) W. Herschel (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 23 A numerical calculation of the orbit of Halley's Comet that
accurately predicted the comet's return in 1759 was carried out by |
AA S 1 (1) Clairaut and Madame Lepaute
(2) Euler (3) Newton (4) Lagrange (5) NVA |
|
QQ 24 The fact that the "fixed" stars actually shift their positions
on the celestial sphere very slowly because of their individual motions through space (the shifts we call {\it proper motions}) was discovered by |
AA S 1 (1) Halley
(2) Bradley (3) Roemer (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 25 The first proof that the Earth goes around the Sun was the
aberration of starlight discovered by |
AA S 1 (1) Bradley
(2) Halley (3) Flamsteed (4) Hevelius (5) NVA |
|
QQ 26 Longitude on the Earth is determined by
|
AA S 1 (1) comparing local time with time at the Prime Meridian
(2) measuring the altitude of one of the celestial poles (3) comparing sidereal time with solar time (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 27 Mayer's tables of the Moon's motion were
|
AA S 1 (1) calculated using Euler's lunar theory but with parameters
determined from observation (semi-empirical) (2) calculated using Mayer's lunar theory (3) based on periodicities observed in the Moon's motion only (empirical) (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 28 Observations of the transits of Venus in 1761 and 1769 were made
for the purpose of finding out |
AA S 1 (1) the length of the astronomical unit (AU)
(2) the true size of Venus, which is covered with clouds (3) the shape of the Earth (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 29 The type of reflecting telescope having a paraboloidal primary
mirror with a hole in the center and a convex secondary mirror is the |
AA S 1 (1) Cassegrain reflector
(2) Newtonian reflector (3) prime-focus reflector (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 30 The instrument used to discover the aberration of starlight and
nutation was the |
AA S (1) zenith sector
(2) ordinary transit telescope (3) mural quadrant (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 31 The solution to the problem of chromatic aberration (though only
partial) was the achromatic refractor patented by |
AA S 1 (1) Dollond
(2) Christiaan Huygens (3) Bradley (4) Hall (5) NVA |
|
QQ 32 The approximate date of the Principia is
|
AA S 1 (1) 1690
(2) 1620 (3) 1800 (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 33 Saturn's peculiar appearance and the disappearance of its
"companions" were first explained in terms of rings by |
AA S 1 (1) Christiaan Huygens
(2) G. D. Cassini (3) Picard (4) Flamsteed (5) NVA |
|
QQ 34 Newton's theory of gravitation was finally shown to be incomplete
or incorrect when which of the following was explained? |
AA S 1 (1) advance of Mercury's perihelion
(2) irregularities in Neptune's motion (3) irregularities in Uranus's motion (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 35 Toward the end of Newton's life he precipitated the great
controversy over priority in inventing the branch of mathematics now known as calculus; his antagonist was |
AA S 1 (1) Leibniz
(2) D. Bernoulli (3) Euler (4) Voltaire NVA |
|
QQ 1 The concept of impetus introduced by Buridan and Oresme to correct
Aristotle's theory of forced motion could be used to invalidate |
AA S 1 (1) the argument of fall
(2) the argument of (heliocentric) parallax (3) the argument of perihelion (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 2 The medieval astronomy text dealing with the celestial sphere and much
of the other material covered in the first part of the course was |
AA S 1 (1) Tractatus de sphaera (Treatise on the Sphere) by
Sacrobosco (John of Holywood) (2) Ephemerides by Regiomontanus (3) Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae (Survey of Copernican Astronomy) by Kepler (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
Q 3 The first extensive series of fairly accurate observations in Europe
were those made by |
AA S 1 (1) Bernhard Walther
(2) Tycho Brahe (3) Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hesse (4) Johannes Kepler (5) NVA |
|
QQ 4 The Copernican theory presented in De revolutionibus was of
major importance because |
AA S 1 (1) it removed the Earth from the center of the Universe
(2) it was mathematically speaking a much simpler theory than that of Ptolemy, with many fewer epicycles (3) the Ptolemaic theory had completely broken down and urgently needed replacement (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 5 We usually speak of the Copernican theory as heliocentric, yet is this
strictly true of the theory in De revolutionibus? |
AA S 1 (1) No, the center of the Earth's orbit -- the "mean Sun" -- is
the true center (2) Yes, the real Sun is at the center of every planet's orbit (3) No, the Sun is the true center of the Universe (4) NVA NVA |
|
QQ 6 The unsigned preface to De revolutionibus (On the revolutions)
was written by |
AA S 1 (1) Osiander
(2) Rheticus (3) Copernicus himself (4) Martin Luther (5) NVA |
|
QQ 7 The first planetary tables based on the Copernican theory were the
|
AA S 1 (1) Prutenic Tables
(2) Alfonsine Tables (3) Rudolphine Tables (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 8 Tycho Brahe's observations of the \lq\lq new star" of 1572 were
very important in showing that |
AA S 1 (1) contrary to Aristotle's view, change is possible in the
superlunary (celestial) region (2) the star was so far away that Copernicus's theory could be correct (3) the instruments at his observatory, Uraniborg, were in good working order (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 9 Tycho Brahe's refraction tables for the Sun differed from those for
the stars because |
AA S 1 (1) he used Ptolemy's value for the Sun's geocentric parallax, which
was badly off (2) he had difficulty measuring the Sun's position in the sky (3) the temperature difference between day and night made a large difference (4) NVA NVA |
|
QQ 10 Kepler's first two laws of planetary motion were first presented (for
the case of Mars) in |
AA S 1 (1) Astronomia nova (New Astronomy)
(2) Mysterium cosmographicum (Cosmographic Mystery) (3) Epitome astronomi\ae Copernican\ae (Survey of Copernican Astronomy) (4) NVA NVA |
|
QQ 11 Kepler's First Law says that the orbits of planets are
|
AA S 1 (1) ellipses with the Sun at one focus
(2) ellipses with the Sun at the center (3) eccentrics with the Sun offset from the center (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 12 The collision of the Copernican theory with the Roman Catholic Church
was caused by Galileo's |
AA S 1 (1) Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina
(2) Dialogues on the Two Great World Systems (Ptolemaic and Copernican) (3) Discourses on Two New Sciences (Mechanics and Local Motion) (4) Starry Messenger (5) NVA |
|
QQ 13 Galileo's discovery that Venus has the same phases as the Moon
|
AA S 1 (1) proved the Ptolemaic theory was wrong
(2) proved the Copernican theory was correct (3) proved that Aristotle was wrong about changes in the superlunary (celestial) region (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 14 Which of the following was probably not a contributing cause
of Pope Urban VIII's anger at Galileo over the Dialogues? |
AA S 1 (1) the book's unmistakable attack on Church doctrine
(2) the Vatican memo making it appear that Galileo had tricked Urban into approving publication against instructions from 1616 (3) Urban's argument concerning God's omnipotence being spoken by the character Simplicio (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 15 Learning about nature by extracting general principles from
specific observations and/or experiments was advocated by |
AA S 1 (1) Francis Bacon
(2) Rene Descartes (3) Regiomontanus (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 16 The first known scientific society was the
|
AA S 1 (1) Accademia dei Lincei in Italy
(2) Royal Society of London (3) Academie des Sciences in France (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 17 Four small satellites of Saturn were discovered by
|
AA S 1 (1) G. D. Cassini = Cassini I
(2) Christiaan Huygens (3) Hevelius (4) Flamsteed (5) NVA |
|
QQ 18 The first accurate pendulum clock was invented by
|
AA S 1 (1) Christiaan Huygens
(2) Galileo Galilei (3) Isaac Newton (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 19 The most accurate positional measurements made with the naked eye
|
(i. e., without using a telescope) were those of
AA S 1 (1) Hevelius (2) Tycho Brahe (3) Flamsteed (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 20 Newton's method used in the Principia was
|
AA S 1 (1) a combination of the inductive and deductive methods
(2) the inductive method (3) the deductive method (4) NVA NVA |
|
QQ 21 According to Newton, in addition to the elliptical orbits found
by Kepler, two bodies could also move around each other in |
AA S 1 (1) parabolic and hyperbolic orbits
(2) hyperbolic and figure-eight orbits (hippopede) (3) helical orbits (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 22 According to Newton, precession is caused by
|
AA S 1 (1) the Sun and Moon trying to pull the Earth's equatorial bulge
into the ecliptic plane, which is prevented by Earth's rotation (2) water sloshing around in the Earth's oceans (3) the Sun and Moon trying to pull the Earth's rotation axis into the ecliptic plane (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 23 Ole Roemer showed how the transit telescope could be used to
measure which of the following accurately? |
AA S 1 (1) right ascension and declination
(2) celestial latitude and longitude (3) terrestrial latitude and longitude (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 24 The person who played the most important part in publishing
the Principia after Newton, who wrote it, was |
AA S 1 (1) Edmond Halley
(2) Robert Hooke (3) Christopher Wren (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 25 If the length of a degree of latitude decreases as one goes
from the Earth's equator to its poles, it means that the Earth's shape is |
AA S 1 (1) prolate, as the French originally thought
(2) oblate, as Newton and Huygens thought (3) spherical (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 26 The naked-eye instrument that was used for telling latitude from the
Pole Star and for telling time of night was the |
AA S 1 (1) nocturnal
|
|
QQ 27 The type of telescope having a convex objective lens and a concave
eyepiece lens is the |
AA S 1 (1) Galilean refractor
|
|
QQ 28 The aberration in which different colors have different focal
lengths is |
AA S 1 (1) chromatic aberration
|
|
QQ 29 The main disadvantage of the early reflectors was
|
AA S 1 (1) the necessity of having to polish the metal mirror quite often
because it tarnished |
|
QQ 32 The proper motions of stars were discovered by
|
AA S 1 (1) Halley
(2) Bradley (3) Flamsteed (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 33 According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the
gravitational force is proportional to |
AA S 1 (1) the inverse square of the distance
(2) the inverse of the distance (3) the square of the distance (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 34 The approximate date of Newton was
|
AA S 1 (1) 1690 (2) 1620 (3) 1540 (4) NVA (5) NVA
|
|
1
QQ Which of the following was the main result of Kepler's book Cosmographic Mystery? |
AA S 1 (1) the planets' distances from the
Sun could be explained geometrically (2) the planets' orbits are ellipses with the Sun at one focus (3) the planets' orbits are ellipses with the Sun at the center (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
2
QQ Kepler's Second Law states that |
AA S 1 (1) an imaginary line from the Sun
to a given planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals (2) a given planets' orbital speed is always inversely proportional to its distance from the Sun (3) an imaginary line from the Sun to a given planet sweeps out equal angles in equal time intervals (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
3
QQ The first planetary tables to be based on a correct description of the planets' motions were the |
AA S 1 (1) Rudolphine Tables
(2) Alfonsine Tables (3) Prutenic Tables (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
4
QQ How did Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's four large moons support the Copernican theory? |
AA S 1 (1) they showed the Earth wouldn't
leave the Moon behind if it revolved around the Sun (2) Copernicus had predicted that Jupiter has moons (3) the discovery didn't support the Copernican theory (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
5
QQ Which of the following points was not used by Galileo to argue that sunspots really are on the Sun's surface and not passing in front of it? |
AA S 1 (1) the spots appear to move across
the Sun's disk at a constant rate (2) the spots appear to move faster at the center of the Sun's disk than at the edge or limb (3) the spots appear thin or foreshortened when at the edge or limb (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
6
QQ The Copernican theory was officially declared to be heretical by the Church and Copernicus's book banned (not just amended) at the time of |
AA S 1 (1) Galileo's trial in 1633
(2) Galileo's meeting with Cardinal Bellarmino in 1616 at which he was given instructions not to hold or defend the theory (3) one of Galileo's meetings with the new Pope Urban VIII in 1623 (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
7
QQ The concept of inertia was first put forward (in a slightly incorrect form) by |
AA S 1 (1) Galileo Galilei
(2) Kepler (3) Newton (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
8
QQ The experimental philosophy advocated by Francis Bacon involved |
AA S 1 (1) deriving general principles from
specific experiments and/or observations (2) deriving specific consequences from general principles (3) rejecting everything that could possibly be subject to doubt (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
8
QQ The experimental philosophy advocated by Francis Bacon involved |
AA S 1 (1) deriving general principles from
specific experiments and/or observations (2) deriving specific consequences from general principles (3) rejecting everything that could possibly be subject to doubt (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
9
QQ Journal des Savants was the research journal of which scientific society? |
AA S 1 (1) Academie des Sciences
(2) Royal Society of London (3) Accademia dei Lincei (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
11
QQ Who of the following published Selenographia, a map of the Moon? |
AA S 1 (1) Hevelius
(2) G. D. Cassini = Cassini I (3) Roemer (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
12
QQ The first person to measure the speed of light was |
AA S 1 (1) Roemer
(2) Galileo (3) Christiaan Huygens (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
13
QQ The largest gap in the ring system of Saturn was discovered by |
AA S 1 (1) G. D. Cassini = Cassini I
(2) Christiaan Huygens (3) Hevelius (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
14
QQ Who persuaded Newton to write the Principia, mediated disputes between Newton and another person, and oversaw its being published? |
AA S 1 (1) Halley
(2) Hooke (3) Pepys (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
15
QQ In this course acceleration refers to |
AA S 1 (1) rate of change of velocity
(2) rate of change of speed only (3) rate of increase of speed only (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
16
QQ According to Newton's Laws of Motion, the force acting on a body is equal to |
AA S 1 (1) its mass times its acceleration
(2) its mass times its velocity (3) its acceleration divided by its mass (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
17
QQ The weight of an object at a planet's surface depends on the object's mass and |
AA S 1 (1) the planet's mass and radius
(2) the planet's mass only (3) the planet's radius only (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
18
QQ Which of the following is not a possible orbit in the gravitational two-body problem? |
AA S 1 (1) figure-eight
(2) ellipse (3) circle (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
18
QQ Which of the following is not a possible orbit in the gravitational two-body problem? |
AA S 1 (1) figure-eight
(2) ellipse (3) circle (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
19
QQ Newton's version of Kepler's Third (Harmonic) Law in principle allows one to determine (by itself, without further information) |
AA S 1 (1) the sum of the masses of the
two bodies (2) the product of the masses of the two bodies (3) the mass of each body (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
20
QQ The tidal force due to the Moon at a point halfway around the Earth from the point closest to the Moon is directed |
AA S 1 (1) inward
(2) outward (3) parallel to Earth's surface at that point and towards the Moon (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
22
QQ The Earth's precession (of the equinoxes) is caused by |
AA S 1 (1) tidal forces of the Sun and
Moon trying to pull its equatorial bulge into alignment with the ecliptic plane (2) tidal forces of the Sun trying to pull the Moon's orbital plane into the ecliptic plane (3) tidal forces of the Sun trying to pull Earth's orbital plane (the ecliptic) into the Sun's equatorial plane (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
23
QQ The expedition to Peru (now Ecuador) led by Bouguer and La Condamine made masurements which |
AA S 1 (1) for the first time gave an
accurate estimate of the Earth's oblateness (2) for the first time confirmed Newton's claim that the Earth is oblate (3) confirmed that the Earth is prolate, as shown by earlier results from France (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
24
QQ With a (hypothetical) oblate planet the length of a degree of latitude increases |
AA S 1 (1) as one goes from the equator to
the pole (2) as one goes from the pole to the equator (3) NVA (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
26
QQ The refracting telescope having a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece lens is the design known as |
AA S 1 (1) Galilean
(2) Keplerian or astronomical (3) Huygenian (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ The reflecting telescope having a concave primary mirror and a flat secondary mirror is the |
AA S 1 (1) Newtonian
(2) Gregorian (3) Cassegrain (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
28
QQ The disadvantage of the reflector as compared to the refractor in Newton's time was that |
AA S 1 (1) the metal mirror would tarnish
fairly quickly and have to be polished (2) the spherical aberration was so bad that the images were of low quality (3) the chromatic aberration was more pronounced (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
29
QQ The aberration with the refracting telescope which involves different colors having different focal lengths (and was explained by Newton) is |
AA S 1 (1) chromatic aberration
(2) spherical aberration (3) coma (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
30
QQ The invention of accurate pendulum clocks made it possible for the transit telescope to be used to precisely measure a star's |
AA S 1 (1) right ascension
(2) declination (3) celestial longitude (4) NVA |
|
32
QQ The vortex theory as a possible explanation of the planets' motions around the Sun was essentially disproved by |
AA S 1 (1) Newton in his Principia
(2) Halley (3) Kepler (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
33
QQ The approximate date of Kepler is |
AA S 1 (1) 1620
(2) 1690 (3) 1760 (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
9
QQ Philosophical Transactions was the research journal of which scientific society? |
AA S 1 (1) Royal Society of London
(2) Accademia dei Lincei (3) Academie des Sciences (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
23
QQ The expedition to Lapland led by Maupertuis made measurements which |
AA S 1 (1) for the first time indicated that
the Earth is oblate, as Newton predicted (2) indicated that the Earth is prolate, confirming earlier results from France (3) confirmed that the Earth is spherical, as the Greeks had supposed (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ The reflecting telescope having a concave primary mirror and a concave secondary mirror is the |
AA S 1 (1) Gregorian
(2) Newtonian (3) Cassegrain (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
1
QQ Which of the following of Galileo's discoveries with the telescope disproved the Ptolemaic system? |
AA S 1 (1) Venus goes through the same
phases as the Moon does (2) Jupiter has four moons (3) Saturn is in triple form (which turned out later to be its rings) (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
2
QQ Galileo was tried for heresy because of the publication of his |
AA S 1 (1) Dialogue on the Two
Great World Systems (2) Discourses on Two New Sciences (3) Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
4
QQ The deductive method advocated by Rene Descartes involves |
AA S 1 (1) deriving specific consequences from
general principles (2) deriving general principles from specific experiments and/or observations (3) establishing a society based on organized scientific research (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
6
QQ The "aerial" telescope was invented by |
AA S 1 (1) Christiaan Huygens
(2) G. D. Cassini = Cassini I (3) Galileo (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
11
QQ The methodology of Newton's Principia was |
AA S 1 (1) a combination of the inductive and
deductive methods (2) exclusively inductive (3) exclusively deductive (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
14
QQ The weight of an object at the Earth's surface is defined as |
AA S 1 (1) the Earth's gravitational force
acting on it (2) its acceleration resulting from the Earth's gravitational force (3) its mass (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
15
QQ Which of the following is not a closed orbit in the gravitational two-body problem? |
AA S 1 (1) parabola
(2) ellipse (3) circle (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
16
QQ The tidal force on the far side of the Earth away from the Moon is directed |
AA S 1 (1) outward
(2) inward (3) parallel to Earth's surface at that point (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
18
QQ The regression of the Moon's nodes is caused by |
AA S 1 tidal forces of the Sun trying to
pull its orbital plane into the ecliptic plane (2) tidal forces of the Sun trying to pull its orbital plane into the Sun's equatorial plane (3) tidal forces of the Earth trying to pull its orbital plane into the Earth's equatorial plane (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
20
QQ With a (hypothetical) prolate Earth the length of a degree of latitude increases |
AA S 1 (1) as one goes from the pole
to the equator (2) as one goes from the equator to the pole (3) NVA (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ The first Astronomer Royal was |
AA S 1 (1) Flamsteed
(2) Halley (3) Newton (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
29
QQ Vortices were a feature of whose philosophy? |
AA S 1 (1) Descartes
(2) Aristotle (3) Bacn (4) NVA |
|
1
QQ Copernicus was dissatisfied with the Ptolemaic system primarily because |
AA S 1 (1) the equant violated the principle of uniform
circular motion (2) he thought the heliocentric theory would be simpler, as in fact his system was (3) it was seriously inaccurate by Copernicus's time (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
2
QQ Copernicus used observations (his own and a few of Walther's) to determine |
AA S 1 (1) the distances of the planets from the Sun
in astronomical units (i.e., relative to Earth's distance) (2) the distances of the planets from the Sun in actual length units (like kilometers) (3) the sizes of the planets (besides the Earth) (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
3
QQ The preface that had the disclaimer about Copernicus's On the Revolutions being hypothetical and the title change were the work of |
AA S 1 (1) Osiander
(2) Rheticus (3) Copernicus himself (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
5
QQ Which of the following was not one of the innovations introduced into observational astronomy by Tycho? |
AA S 1 (1) the first accurate pendulum clock
(2) transversals on the mural quadrant to measure angles more precisely (3) reversing the viewing direction of the sextant so that it could be used by two observers instead of one (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
6
QQ In the Tychonic theory, Mars orbited |
AA S 1 (1) the Sun
(2) the Earth (3) Jupiter (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
7
QQ Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion (the first as we count today) states that |
AA S 1 (1) a planet's orbit is an ellipse
with the Sun at one focus (2) a planet's orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at the center (3) an imaginary line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals (4) NVA |
|
8
QQ The shape of an elliptical orbit is given by its |
AA S 1 (1) eccentricity
(2) semimajor axis (3) inclination (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
9
QQ Which of the following of Kepler's works contains the so-called Harmonic Law, the Third Law of Planetary Motion? |
AA S 1 (1) Harmony of the World
(2) Cosmographic Myster (3) New Astronomy (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
10
QQ Which of the following of Galileo's discoveries with the telescope was written up in his Starry Messenger? |
AA S 1 (1) Jupiter has four moons
(2) Venus goes through the same phases as the Moon does (3) Saturn is in triple form (which turned out later to be its rings) (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
12
QQ The inductive method advocated by Francis Bacon involves |
AA S 1 (1) deriving general principles from
specific experiments and/or observations (2) deriving specific consequences from general principles (3) establishing a society based on organized scientific research (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
17
QQ Which of the following was involved in determining the geocentric parallax of Mars at opposition and thus the length of the astronomical unit? |
AA S 1 (1) G. D. Cassini = Cassini I
(2) Roemer (3) Hevelius (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
22
QQ The Earth's precession is caused by |
AA S 1 (1) tidal forces of the Sun and Moon
trying to pull its equatorial bulge into the ecliptic plane (2) tidal forces of the Sun trying to pull its equatorial bulge into the ecliptic plane (3) tidal forces of the Moon trying to pull its equatorial bulge into the ecliptic plane (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
2
QQ Which of the following statements about Copernicus's work is not correct? |
AA S 1 (1) His models were much simpler than
the Ptolemaic ones (2) He used epicycles just as Ptolemy had but with the Sun near the center instead of the Earth (3) He was unable to prove that the Earth rotates around an axis or that it revolves around the Sun (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
4
QQ The Prutenic Tables based on Copernicus's models were the work of |
AA S 1 (1) Reinhold
(2) Kepler (3) Copernicus (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
6
QQ The Tychonic model of the universe put forward by Brahe had |
AA S 1 (1) the Sun and Moon orbiting the Earth
and the other planets orbiting the Sun (2) Mercury and Venus orbiting the Sun and all the other planets orbiting the Earth (3) Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn orbiting the Sun and the Sun, the Moon, and the other planets orbiting the Earth (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
7
QQ An innovation which Tycho introduced in connection with the sextant was |
AA S 1 (1) reversing the sighting direction so
that two observers could sight simultaneously in two directions rather than have one observer trying to do it (2) the use of {\bf transversals}, a zigzag pattern of dots to measure angles more precisely (3) the use of a telescope as the sighting instrument (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
11
QQ The superiority of Kepler's {\it Rudolphine Tables} to the Alfonsine Tables and the Prutenic Tables was primarily because |
AA S 1 (1) they used a basically correct form (the
ellipse) for the planetary orbits and the correct equation for their motion (2) they were newer and used more modern parameter values (3) Kepler was a much better mathematician than the others (4) NVA (5)NVA |
|
13
QQ Galileo wrote his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina and travelled to Rome in 1616 because |
AA S 1 (1) as a devout Catholic he hoped to get the
Church to accept Copernicanism (2) he was openly defying the Church's position that Copernicanism was heresy (3) he was tired of being attacked by the Jesuits and wanted to go on the offensive (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
18
QQ The use of telescopic sights in instruments that are used for measuring star positions was vigorously advocated by |
AA S 1 (1) Hooke
(2) Hevelius (3) Halley (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
21
QQ The use of the transit telescope together with the pendulum clock to measure right ascensions and declinations was pioneered by |
AA S 1 (1) Roemer
(2) Galileo (3) Christiaan Huygens (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
24
QQ According to Newton's Laws of Motion, an object moving in a circle at constant speed |
AA S 1 (1) is acted on by a force always directed
exactly towards the center of the circle (2) is in a natural state of motion and is not being acted on by any external force (3) is acted on by a constant force having the same direction as the velocity (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ The tides that occur when the Moon is at first and third or last quarter are |
AA S 1 (1) the weakest during the month
(2) the strongest during the month (3) the same as when the Moon is new or full (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ The tides that occur when the Moon is at first and third or last quarter are |
AA S 1 (1) the weakest during the month
(2) the strongest during the month (3) the same as when the Moon is new or full (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
29
QQ If the Earth is prolate the length of a degree of latitude will |
AA S 1 (1) decrease when going from the Equator
to the Pole (2) increase when going from the Equator to the Pole (3) stay the same from the Equator to the Pole (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
32
QQ The Keplerian or astronomical refractor has |
AA S 1 (1) a convex objective lens and a convex
eyepiece lens (2) a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece lens (3) a concave objective lens and a concave eyepiece lens (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
35
QQ The approximate date of Copernicus is |
AA 1 (1) 1540 (2) 1690 (3) 1620 (4) NVA
(5) NVA |
|
QQ The first set of planetary tables based on the
Copernican system was the |
AA S 1 (1) Prutenic Tables of Reinhold
(2) Rudolphine Tables of Kepler (3) Pauline Tables of Copernicus (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
7
QQ An innovation which Tycho introduced in connection with the mural quadrant was |
AA S 1 (1) the use of transversals,
a zigzag pattern of dots to measure angles more precisely (2) reversing the sighting direction so that two observers could sight simultaneously in two directions rather than have one observer trying to do it (3) the use of a telescope as the sighting instrument (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
10
QQ According to what is today known as Kepler's Second Law of planetary motion (actually his first), a given planet moves fastest in its orbit around the Sun at |
AA S 1 (1) perihelion
(2) aphelion (3) apogee (4) perigee (5) NVA (5) NVA |
|
12
QQ Which of the following was not one of the discoveries described by Galileo in Sidereus nuncius (The Starry Messenger)? |
AA S 1 (1) Venus shows the same phases as the Moon
(2) Jupiter has four moons (3) the Moon's surface is rough, with mountains and craters (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
14
QQ Galileo's last book, which by introducing the concept of inertia (in slightly imperfect form) and showing that mathematics is the language of physics replaced Aristotle's physics, was |
AA S (1) Discourses on Two New Sciences
(2) Dialogue on the Two Great World Systems (3) The Assayer (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
16
QQ Critical doubt, the radical rejection of all assumptions except those which appear beyond any question, was a key element of the philosophical system of |
AA 1 (1) Descartes (2) Bacon (3) Plato
(4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
20
QQ The founder and first director of the Paris Observatory, and the first of a four-generation dynasty in that position, was AA S 1 (1) G. D. Cassini = Cassini I (2) Magini (3) Jean Picard (4) NVA (5) NVA |
AA S 1 (1) G. D. Cassini = Cassini I
(2) Magini (3) Jean Picard (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
21
QQ The use of the transit telescope together with the pendulum clock to measure right ascensions and declinations was pioneered by |
AA S 1 (1) Roemer
(2) Galileo (3) Christiaan Huygens (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
22
QQ The formula for centrifugal (and centripetal) force was first published by |
AA S 1 (1) Christiaan Huygens
(2) Newton (3) Descartes (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
24
QQ According to Newton's Laws of Motion, an object moving in a circle at constant speed |
AA S 1 (1) is acted on by a centripetal force
which changes its velocity (2) is in a natural state of motion and is not being acted on by any external force (3) is acted on by a constant force (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ The tides that occur when the Moon is new and full are |
AA S 1 (1) the strongest during the month
(2) the weakest during the month (3) the same as when the Moon is at the quarters (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
2
QQ The true significance of Copernicus's work is that it |
AA S 1 (1) paved the way for a correct understanding
of the Solar System and the planets' orbits by putting the Sun at the center (sort of) (2) presented a greatly simplified model for the planetary system which convinced everyone by its beauty (3) proved that the Earth rotates around an axis and revolves around the Sun (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
5
QQ Tycho Brahe's measurements of the "new star" of 1572 showed that |
AA S 1 (1) its geocentric parallax was smaller than
the Moon's making it farther away, contrary to Aristotle (2) its geocentric parallax was the same as the Moon's, meaning that it shared the Moon's orbit, contrary to Aristotle (3) its geocentric parallax was smaller than the Moon's making it closer, in agreement with Aristotle (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ The accuracy of the positional measurements
made by Tycho and his assistants at Uraniborg and Stjerneborg was |
AA S 1 (1) considerably better than Walther's
and far better than those of the later Greeks (2) only slightly better than Walther's and somewhat better than those of the later Greeks (3) the best of any naked-eye observations, including those of Hevelius (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
7
QQ The innovation which Tycho introduced in connection with the sextant (not the nautical instrument) was to |
AA S 1 (1) reverse the sighting direction so that
two observers could sight simultaneously in two directions rather than have one observer trying to do it (2) change the design so that it used a curved angular scale instead of a straight one (3) add a mirror so that a single observer could sight in two directions simultaneously (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
8
QQ The work in which Kepler first tried (unsuccessfully) to figure out the physics behind the planetary motions was his |
AA S 1 (1) Astronomia nova or New Astronomy
(2) Mysterium cosmographicum or Cosmographic Mystery (3) Harmonices mundi or Harmony of the World (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
9
QQ The size of a planet's orbit is given by the AA S 1 (1) semimajor axis a, usually in astronomical units |
AA S 1 (1) semimajor axis a, usually in
astronomical units (2) eccentricity e, a pure number with no units (3) eccentricity e, usually in astronomical units (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
10
QQ According to what is today known as Kepler's Second Law of planetary motion (actually his first), a given planet moves slowest in its orbit around the Sun at |
AA S 1 (1) aphelion
(2) perihelion (3) apogee (4) perigee (5) NVA (5) NVA |
|
12
QQ Which of the following was one of the discoveries described by Galileo in Sidereus nuncius (The Starry Messenger)? |
AA S 1 (1) Jupiter has four moons
(2) Venus shows the same phases as the Moon (3) Saturn is surrounded by a ring (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
11
QQ The planetary tables whose accuracy, far exceeding that of the Alfonsine Tables because they used a basically correct form (the ellipse) for planetary orbits, did much to persuade scholars that the Copernican theory was correct were the |
AA S 1 (1) Rudolphine Tables
(2) Prutenic Tables (3) Alexandrine Tables (4) NVA (5)NVA |
|
14
QQ The lasting significance of Galileo's last two books, the Dialogues and the Discourses, as a part of the Copernican Revolution is that they |
AA S (1) finished off Aristotelian physics as an
obstacle to acceptance of Copernicus (2) proved that Copernicus was correct about the Earth's rotation and revolution (3) set back acceptance of Copernicus by drawing the opposition of the Roman Catholic Church (4) NVA |
|
17
QQ Which of the following was formed last? |
AA S 1 (1) Academie des Sciences (Academy of Sciences)
in France (2) Accademia dei Lincei (Academy of the Lynx-Eyed) in Italy (3) Royal Society of London (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
18
QQ The first research journal was |
AA S 1 (1) Journal des Savants in France
(2) Philosophical Transactions in England (3) Acta eruditorum in Berlin (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
22
QQ The pendulum clock first became a precision instrument that could be used in astronomy, for example in measuring right ascension, because of the design of |
AA S 1 (1) Christiaan Huygens
(2) Galileo Galilei and his son Vincenzo (3) Ole Roemer (4) NVA |
|
25
QQ Which of the following is the form for an orbit in the gravitational two-body problem that is periodic? |
AA S 1 (1) ellipse
(2) parabola (3) hyperbola (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ The tidal force(s) due to the Moon at the Earth's surface is/are directed outwards at |
AA S 1 (1) the two points lying on the line that passes
through the centers of the Earth and the Moon (2) a circle that is perpendicular to the line that passes through the centers of the Earth and the Moon (3) the point directly underneath the Moon only (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
1
QQ Tycho Brahe was by birth a |
AA S 1 (1) Danish nobleman
(2) German peasant (3) Polish bourgeois (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
2
QQ In his little book On the New Star about the star of 1572, Tycho showed that |
AA S 1 (1) its geocentric parallax was too small to measure;
therefore it was at least as far away as the Moon, thus contradicting Aristotle (2) its geocentric parallax was the same as the Moon's, thus contradicting Aristotle (3) its geocentric parallax was so small that it was as far away as the stars, making it a supernova (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
3
QQ Transversals, the zig-zag patterns of dots such as those on his mural quadrant, were used by Tycho to |
AA S 1 (1) increase the precision of angular measurement
(2) make the angular divisions stand out in the darkness of his observatory (3) decorate the instrument, as he was very fond of such aesthetic touches (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
4
QQ In Tycho's theory of the Solar System, |
AA S 1 (1) the Sun and Moon orbit the Earth, while the
remaining planets orbit the Sun (2) the Sun, Moon, and outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) orbit the Earth while Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun (3) the Sun orbits the Earth, while everything else except the stars orbits the Sun (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
6
QQ According to Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion, the orbits of the planets are |
AA S 1 (1) ellipses with the Sun at one focus and nothing at the
other (2) ellipses with the Sun at one focus and the Moon at the other (3) ellipses with the Sun at the center (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
9
QQ There were two occasions when Kepler corresponded with his great contemporary Galileo, in a very one-sided correspondence. One was when Galileo's book Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger) was being criticized. The other was |
AA S 1 (1) after Kepler sent Galileo a copy of his book
Mysterium cosmographicum (Cosmographic Mystery) (2) when Galileo was being tried by the Inquisition (3) after publication of Galileo's Letters on Sunspots (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
10
QQ The outcome of Galileo's trip to Rome in 1616, after publication of his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, to sell the Roman Catholic Church on the Copernican theory was that |
AA S 1 (1) the theory was condemned by the Church as
"philosophically absurd and erroneous," and Galileo was instructed not to hold or to defend it, confirmed in writing by Cardinal Bellarmino (2) the theory was officially condemned by the Church as heretical, and Galileo was explicitly instructed by Cardinal Bellarmino to have absolutely nothing more to do with it (3) Galileo was put on trial by the Inquisition and forced to recant, on pain of death (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
1
QQ Tycho Brahe was by birth a |
AA S 1 (1) Danish nobleman
(2) German peasant (3) Polish bourgeois (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
2
QQ In his little book On the New Star about the star of 1572, Tycho showed that |
AA S 1 (1) its geocentric parallax was too small to measure;
therefore it was at least as far away as the Moon, thus contradicting Aristotle (2) its geocentric parallax was the same as the Moon's, thus contradicting Aristotle (3) its geocentric parallax was so small that it was as far away as the stars, making it a supernova (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
3
QQ Transversals, the zig-zag patterns of dots such as those on his mural quadrant, were used by Tycho to |
AA S 1 (1) increase the precision of angular measurement
(2) make the angular divisions stand out in the darkness of his observatory (3) decorate the instrument, as he was very fond of such aesthetic touches (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
4
QQ In Tycho's theory of the Solar System, |
AA S 1 (1) the Sun and Moon orbit the Earth, while the
remaining planets orbit the Sun (2) the Sun, Moon, and outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) orbit the Earth while Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun (3) the Sun orbits the Earth, while everything else except the stars orbits the Sun (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
6
QQ According to Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion, the orbits of the planets are |
AA S 1 (1) ellipses with the Sun at one focus and nothing at the
other (2) ellipses with the Sun at one focus and the Moon at the other (3) ellipses with the Sun at the center (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
9
QQ There were two occasions when Kepler corresponded with his great contemporary Galileo, in a very one-sided correspondence. One was when Galileo's book Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger) was being criticized. The other was |
AA S 1 (1) after Kepler sent Galileo a copy of his book
Mysterium cosmographicum (Cosmographic Mystery) (2) when Galileo was being tried by the Inquisition (3) after publication of Galileo's Letters on Sunspots (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
10
QQ The outcome of Galileo's trip to Rome in 1616, after publication of his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, to sell the Roman Catholic Church on the Copernican theory was that |
AA S 1 (1) the theory was condemned by the Church as
"philosophically absurd and erroneous," and Galileo was instructed not to hold or to defend it, confirmed in writing by Cardinal Bellarmino (2) the theory was officially condemned by the Church as heretical, and Galileo was explicitly instructed by Cardinal Bellarmino to have absolutely nothing more to do with it (3) Galileo was put on trial by the Inquisition and forced to recant, on pain of death (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
11
QQ Galileo's Dialogue on the Two Great World Systems was actually a discussion and comparison of the "systems" of |
AA S 1 (1) Aristotle and Copernicus
(2) Ptolemy and Copernicus (3) Ptolemy and Kepler (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
14
QQ The "aerial" telescope designed by Christiaan Huygens consisted of |
AA S 1 (1) an objective lens and eyepiece lens connected by a
rope with no tube (2) an objective lens and eyepiece lens mounted on a long rod that was suspended from a very tall pole by ropes (3) an objective lens mounted on a balloon connected by a long rope to an eyepiece lens on the ground (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
16
QQ The pendulum clock was made into a precision instrument that could be used in astronomy by |
AA S 1 (1) Huygens
(2) Galileo (3) Tycho Brahe (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
18
QQ Roemer introduced the transit telescope to the measurement of a star's equatorial coordinates. The right ascension is measured |
AA S 1 (1) as the time on a sidereal clock (based on the
sidereal day, not ordinary day) at the instant the star crosses the celestial meridian (2) from the star's altitude when it crosses the celestial meridian, corrected for the observer's latitude and refraction (3) from the star's azimuth when it rises and when it sets (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
20
QQ Galileo made the serious tactical error of placing Pope Urban VIII's pet argument against the Copernican theory in the mouth of the Aristotelian in his Dialogue on the Two Great World Systems, a character named |
AA S 1 (1) Simplicio, after the commentator on Aristotle
(2) Salviati, named for a friend from Florence, a judge of the arguments (3) Sagredo, named for a friend of his from Venice and a Copernican (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
24
QQ According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, the gravitational force between two bodies is proportional to |
AA S 1 (1) the product of their masses m_A times m_B
(2) the sum of their masses $m_A plus m_B (3) the ratio of their masses m_A/m_B (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
25
QQ What we call "surface gravity" is actually |
AA S 1 (1) the acceleration of gravity at the Earth's
surface, caused by the Earth's gravitational force (2) the Earth's actual gravitational force on a given object at its surface (3) the Earth's gravitational force, which only acts near its surface (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
27
QQ Kepler's Law of Areas (Second Law) is a geometric statement of which physical law which applies? |
AA S 1 (1) conservation of angular momentum
(2) conservation of energy (3) conservation of linear momentum (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
29
QQ The Earth's oblateness, namely its being broader across the Equator than from pole to pole, was predicted by Newton because |
AA S 1 (1) it is rotating, and the centrifugal "force"
opposing earth's gravity is greatest at the Equator (2) the Moon's tidal forces flatten it (3) of the way it was formed in the beginning (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
31
QQ The main advantage of the Galilean refractor over the Keplerian or astronomical refractor is |
AA S 1 (1) it gives an upright image instead of an
inverted (upside-down) one (2) it has a larger field of view, assuming lens sizes and everything else are the same (3) it can focus on a crosshair inside the telescope and the image of a distant object at the same time (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
35
QQ The repeated return of Halley's Comet disproved whose theory of comets? |
AA S 1 (1) Descartes
(2) Aristotle (3) Newton's (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 1 Which of the following discoveries with the telescope was not
announced in Galileo's Starry Messenger? |
AA S 1 (1) Saturn is in triple form (looked weird)
(2) Jupiter has four moons (3) the Moon's surface is rough, with mountains and craters (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 4 Which of the following statements is correct?
|
AA S 1 (1) Galileo showed that sunspots are on the Sun's surface
and that it rotates (2) Galileo was the person who discovered sunspots (3) Galileo showed that sunspots are actually the silhouettes of objects passing between the Earth and the Sun (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 6 In Descartes's system, comets are bodies which
|
AA S 1 (1) only pass through the Solar System one time
(2) pass through the Solar System many times (3) are ejected from the Sun and leave the Solar System (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 14 Roemer measured which equatorial coordinate using
a sidereal pendulum clock? |
AA S 1 (1) right ascension
(2) declination (3) celestial longitude (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 15 By demonstrating that white light is dispersed
by a glass prism into the colors of the rainbow, Newton provided an explanation of |
AA S 1 (1) chromatic aberration
(2) spherical aberration (3) coma (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 16 The Newtonian reflector has a
|
AA S 1 (1) solid primary mirror and a flat secondary
mirror that reflects light to a focus out to the side (2) primary mirror with a hole in the center and a convex secondary mirror that reflects light through the hole to the back (3) primary mirror with a hole in the center and a concave secondary mirror that reflects light through the hole to the back (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
Q 17 The person who was responsible for the publication
of Principia (though he could never have written it himself) was |
AA S 1 (1) Halley
(2) Hooke (3) Wren (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 21 According to Newton's Second Law of Motion,
if two bodies having different masses are acted on by the same amount of force, |
AA S 1 (1) the less massive will have the greater
acceleration (2) the more massive will have the greater acceleration (3) the two will have the same acceleration (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 23 In the gravitational two-body problem, which
of the following is not a form for a bound orbit? |
AA S 1 (1) hyperbola
(2) ellipse (3) circle (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 25 The surface gravity of a planet is greater when
|
AA S 1 (1) the planet's radius is smaller
(2) the planet's mass is smaller (3) the planet's radius is greater (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 26 The tidal force due to the Moon at the point
on the Earth directly beneath the Moon is in the direction |
AAS 1 (1) towards the Moon
(2) away from the Moon (3) towards the center of the Earth (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 27 The tides that occur at the times of the
quarter Moon are called |
AA S 1 (1) neap tides
(2) spring tides (3) fall tides (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 33 Which of the following is not an
advantage of the Keplerian or astronomical refractor over the Galilean refractor? |
AA S 1 (1) an erect (upright) image
(2) a relatively large field of view (3) a real image, which means that crosshairs can be viewed through the eyepiece (4) NVA |
|
QQ 1 Which of the following discoveries made by Galileo with the telescope
was not reported in his Sidereus Nuncius (Starry Messenger)? |
QQ S 1 (1) Saturn has a triple form (turned out to be rings)
(2) Jupiter has four moons (3) the Moon's surface is rough, with craters and mountains (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 4 Galileo's real opponent in his Dialogue on the Two Great
World Systems was |
AA S 1 (1) Aristotle and his dynamics
(2) Ptolemy and his planetary system (3) the Roman Catholic Church (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 18 The fact that the gravitational force depends on the inverse
square of the distance between two bodies implies that its range is |
AA S 1 (1) infinite
(2) limited (3) a function of the sizes of the two bodies (4) NVA |
|
QQ 19 If two bodies have the same mass but one is half as large
(in radius) as the other, the surface gravity will be |
AAS 1 (1) greater on the smaller body
(2) greater on the larger body (3) the same on both bodies (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 22 Newton showed that Kepler's Second Law (Law of Areas) is a
geometric expression of the physical principle of conservation of |
AAS 1 (1) angular momentum
(2) energy (3) mass (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 23 The critical speed for a body to escape another body's
gravity is termed the |
AA S 1 (1) parabolic or escape velocity
(2) circular or orbital velocity (3) hypervelocity (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 30 The reflector made by Newton had
|
AA S 1 (1) a concave primary mirror and a smaller flat mirror at
the front which reflects light to a focus on the side (2) a concave primary mirror with a hole in the center and a convex secondary mirror that reflected light through the hole to a focus in back (3) a concave objective lens at the fron and a concave mirror in back (4) NVA (5) NVA |
|
QQ 32 With the transit telescope as developed by Roemer, a star's
right ascension is measured |
AA S 1 (1) on an accurate clock that keeps sidereal time when the
star transits the celestial meridian (2) using the star's altitude when it transits the celestial meridian and correcting for the latitude and for refraction (3) from how far it is from the celestial meridian at a certain time (4) NVA (5) NVA |