Astronomy Test 2

Front 1

ptolemaic model

Back 1

each planet moves on a small circle whose center moved around the earth on a larger circle

Front 2

copernicus

Back 2

known for his sun centered model and published a book about it

Front 3

tycho

Back 3

he was an eccentric genius who observed a nova "new star" and concluded that the sun orbits earth while all other planets orbit the sun.

Front 4

Kepler

Back 4

discovered planets orbits was an ellipse and 3 laws of planetary motion

Front 5

keplers 1st law of planetary motion

Back 5

the orbit of each planet about the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.

Front 6

keplers 2nd law of planetary motion

Back 6

the line that connects the planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time.

Front 7

keplers 3rd law of planetary motion

Back 7

more distant planets orbit the sun at slower average speeds obeying the precise mathematical relationship

Front 8

copernican model

Back 8

sun at center
no epicycles
circular orbits

Front 9

tycho brahes model

Back 9

combined ptolemaic and copernican models
tracked the position of the stars

Front 10

eccentricity

Back 10

it is a measure of how weird the planets are moving.

Front 11

sir Isaac newton

Back 11

taught himself everything
used mathematics to explain motion
invented calculus
first to point a teloscope in the sky
wrote first physics textbook

Front 12

newton's laws of universal gravitation

Back 12

we feel weight because gravity is pulling us down.

Front 13

theory

Back 13

is not something that remains true but a large body of evidence must be able to back it up.

Front 14

radiative energy

Back 14

energy carried by light

Front 15

law of conservation of energy

Back 15

energy cannot appear or disappear. objects can gain or lose energy only by exchanging energy with other objects.

Hint 15

conserving energy with other planets

Front 16

thermal energy

Back 16

measures the total kinetic energy of all the randomly moving particles.

Front 17

Kelvin

Back 17

Kelvin does not have negative temperatures and it starts at the coldest at absolute zero which is 0 Kelvin

Front 18

gravitational potential energy

Back 18

depends on its mass and how far it can fall as a result of gravity. an object has more gravitational potential energy when it is higher and less when it's lower.

Front 19

bound orbits

Back 19

objects go around and around another object and gravity creates a bond that holds the objects together.

Front 20

unbound orbits

Back 20

paths that bring an object close to another object just once. for example a comet.

Front 21

speed of light

Back 21

300,000 kilometers per second

Front 22

photons

Back 22

pieces light comes in that has a precise wavelength,frequency, and energy.

Front 23

infrared light

Back 23

light with wave lengths somewhat longer than red light.

Front 24

radio waves

Back 24

longest wave length light.

Hint 24

not sound but light waves

Front 25

emission line spectrum

Back 25

when a thin and low density gas is involved it does not produce a continuous spectrum but it consists of bright emission lines against a black background.

Front 26

continuous spectrum

Back 26

spectrum of an ordinary light bulb that spans a broad range of wavelengths.

Front 27

absorption line spectrum

Back 27

with the gas between the light bulb and us we see most of the continuous light but the cloud of gas absorbs specific wavelengths and so the spectrum also shows dark absorption lines.

Front 28

emitted light

Back 28

anything with a temperature above absolute zero.

Front 29

blueshift

Back 29

objects that are coming towards us has shorter wavelengths

Front 30

redshift

Back 30

if an object is moving away from us it has longer wavelengths.

Front 31

adaptive optics

Back 31

which eliminates much of the blurring caused by our atmosphere by cancelling out the atmospheric distortions.

Front 32

interferometry

Back 32

allows two or more individual telescopes to achieve an angular resolution of a much larger telescope.

Front 33

moons circling Jupiter

Back 33

lo, europa, ganymede, callisto

Front 34

Hubble space telescope

Back 34

observes ultraviolet or infrared wavelengths that don't reach the ground.

Front 35

galileo

Back 35

perfected telescope that was used in astronomy
found support for copernican model
used observations vs pure thought
Venus had full set of phases
moon has mountains and sun spots that was not a perfect sphere
discovered 4 new planets circling Jupiter
galileo got house arrest for testing Aristotles belief

Front 36

perihelion

Back 36

close part of the sun

Front 37

apehelion

Back 37

farthest part of the sun