Astronomy Quiz 3 The Earth

Front 1

How do we know the radius of the earth?

Back 1

Triangulation

Front 2

How do we know the mass of the earth

Back 2

Moon's orbit and Newton's Laws

Front 3

Earth is ___x more dense than water

Back 3

5.5x than water

1.5-3x more dense than rocks

Front 4

List the layers of the earth from outer to inner (6)

Back 4

1. Atmosphere

2. Hydrosphere

3. Crust

4. Mantle

5. Outer Core

6. Inner Core

Front 5

_______ waves (earthquakes) allow us to infer density of the Earth

Back 5

Seismic

Front 6

Earth's interior is in layers of ________ _______?

Back 6

destinctive density

Front 7

How is Earth's core kept warm?

Back 7

Nuclear fission

Front 8

molten rock allows for ______,

Back 8

convection

Front 9

______ (lighter/heavier) rock rises

Back 9

lighter

Front 10

What layer of the sun is the Earth's core temperature close to?

Back 10

photosphere

Front 11

Magnetosphere

Back 11

Earth has a magnetic field that surrounds the planet, extends far outside of atmosphere

Proximity suggests spinand magnetic field are connected in some way

Front 12

Dynamo Theory

Back 12

Main theory for reason for magnetic field

Molten core conducting, spinning - like wire wrapped around a metal core

Front 13

Atmosphere is made up of....

Back 13

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Argon

Carbon Dioxide

Others

Front 14

What is unique about Earth's atmosphere?

Back 14

Has oxygen

Front 15

Oxygen is highly reactive T/F?

Back 15

tRUEE

Front 16

Layers of Atmosphere from lowest to highest (4)

Back 16

Troposphere: 12 km

✤Stratosphere: 50 km

✤Mesosphere: 80 km

✤Ionosphere: > 500 km

Front 17

In the Earths atmosphere, pressure decreases steadily while...

Back 17

temperature varies

Front 18

___% OF mass of atmosphere lies within ___km

Back 18

50% of mass of atmosphere lies within 5 km

Front 19

___% of mass lies within ___km of surface

Back 19

99% lies within 30 km of surface (Victoria to Sidney)

Front 20

Van Allen Belts

Back 20

donut shaped regions at 3000 km and 20 000 km

Charged particles trapped (light particles in outer, heavy particles in inner)

Belts filled by solar wind

Astronauts passing through need significant radiation shielding

Charged particles spiral towards poles

Cause aurora phenomenon

Front 21

magnetic interference can distort ______

Back 21

magnetosphere

Front 22

solar winds compress _____ (day/night) side and elongate ____ (day/night) side

Back 22

Solar winds compress day side, elongate night side

Front 23

explain the Blue skies of earth

Back 23

Sun emits all wavelengths

Red light passes through atmosphere

Blue light scatters, looks like it is coming from the sky, but really just air dispersing it

Almost all blue light scattered through thicker atmosphere

Front 24

___% of sun's radiation passes through the atmosphere

Back 24

70%

Front 25

Interplay of Gravity vs. Heat

Back 25

Gravity holds atmosphere in - heavier molecules closer to surface (buoyancy)

Heat adds energy to molecules, which expands atmosphere (with enough heat, gas escapes gravity)

Front 26

Surface Heating

Back 26

Surface absorbs light, heats up

Earth is blackbody, emits in infrared range

Temperature equalizes when absorbed radiation = emitted radiation (hydrostatic equilibrium)

Infrared is absorbed by atmosphere & clouds

Infrared heats up the atmosphere, little escapes into space

Known as Greenhouse Effect

Front 27

___ (gas) only 0.03% of atmosphere, but has large absorption bands in infrared

Back 27

C02

Front 28

oZONE

Back 28

25 km above surface, layer of ozone: O3

Front 29

T/F the ozone is a Highly reactive form of oxygen

Back 29

Ture

Front 30

T/F the ozone does not absorb UV light very well

Back 30

False, the ozone absorbs UV light very well - insulating the earth from harmful UV

Front 31

______ primary source of energy transfer

Back 31

Convection

Front 32

Convection

Back 32

Sun heats surface, surface heats air, air rises; air cools and sinks

Front 33

Climate change = more ______ = more ______

Back 33

Climate change = moreconvection = more storms, turbulence, etc

Front 34

Convection responsible for ...

Back 34

for most of winds and airplane turbulence

Front 35

Convection cells similar to Sun's ____

Back 35

granules

Front 36

Origin of Atmosphere - Protoearth atmosphere mostly made up of

Back 36

hydrogen, helium, methane, ammonia, water vapour

Front 37

Heat causes ____ and _____ to escape

Back 37

hydroen and helium

Front 38

Secondary atmosphere created by ....

Back 38

outgassing from volcanoes

Front 39

secondary atmosphere made up of

Back 39

water, methane, co2, sulfer dioxide, nitrogen compounds like ammonia

Front 40

Transition to modern atmosphere

Back 40

UV light seperates nitrogen compounds (leaving N2)

Temperatures dropped, water condensed

Oxygen reactive, not present in atmosphere

Front 41

Modern atmosphere

Back 41

Settled at Nitrogen and CO2 mostly

Front 42

How was oxygen released?

Back 42

Life developed in oceans, carbon absorbed out of atmosphere into ocean & compounds, releasing oxygen

Front 43

what allowed for life on land?

Back 43

Ozone formed, reducing UV, allowing life on land

Front 44

Moons effect on the tides

Back 44

2 high/low tides per day✤

Tides constantly erode and change surface of Earth

Front 45

Tides are caused by the moon - energy to produce tiedes comes from...

Back 45

the moon's gravitational connection with Earth

Front 46

Tidal bulge

Back 46

look it up

Front 47

Tidal force

Back 47

A tidal force is any force that changes with distance

Front 48

Moon's gravity is stronger on the side _____ (closer/further) to the moon

Back 48

closer

Front 49

Two tidal forces for Earth:

Back 49

Moon is primary

sun is secondary

Front 50

Explain why the earth's rotation is slowing down

Back 50

ides create friction that drainsenergy out of Earth-Moon

✤Moon’s orbit getting further,Earth’s rotation decreasing

Front 51

Tidal Lock

Back 51

Earth rotates tides away from Moon,Moon drags bulge (water) back

✤This is slowing Earth’s rotation

✤Eventually reach orbital lock