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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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summarize four of the seven types of motion you experience on the earth even when you are standing still.
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- the universe is expanding
- the earth rotates on it's axis - the earth revolves around the sun - the earth moves in the solar system with other local stars - the earth orbits and moves as part of the spiral arms - the galaxy orbits and moves with other local group galaxies - the galaxy moves as part of a supercluster of galaxies |
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what are the causes of the different seasons here on earth?
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the earth's rotation is angled on it's axis when it orbits around the sun. the tilt of the earth causes the two hemisphere's to receive varying amounts of sunlight and the amounts of sunlight they do get cause them to be hotter or colder
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What would cause the seasons to be more extreme?
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a more greater angle away from the sun would cause the seasons to be more extreme.
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why is the ancient greek idea that all stars are the same distance away incorrect and what would be the modern answer for this belief?
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It is incorrect because they observed no parallax observed during the year.
The modern answer would be that stars are so far away that we need powerful telescopes to be able to detect parallax. |
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why is the ancient greek idea that all planets orbit in perfect circular paths incorrect and what would be the modern answer for this belief?
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It is incorrect because they believed that the heavens should be perfect and symmetrical.
The modern answer for this is that planets orbit in elliptical paths and follow kepler's three laws. |
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what was the incorrect reason for the ancient greeks for thinking the earth was the center of the universe and what is the modern answer for this belief?
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The belief that the earth is the center of the universe is incorrect was believed to be true because they thought that earth was different than other planets.
the modern answer for this belief is that the earth is not the center of the universe. It orbits the sun just like all the other planets. |
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What is Kepler's first law of Planetary Motion?
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the paths of planets are elliptical in shape and all focus on the sun at one point in time
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What is Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion?
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Planets will sweep out in their orbits at equal amounts of time in their orbits
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What is Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion?
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The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the mean distance from the Sun
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What is one of Tycho's contributions to astronomy?
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He had the most accurate naked eye measurements of the night sky ever made.
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What are some of Galileo's contributions to astronomy?
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He overcame three earth center models of the universe and he observed shadows on the surface of Venus.
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What is Newton's first law of motion?
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An object in motion stays in motion and an object at rest stays at rest unless an outside force acts upon it.
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What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?
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the acceleration of an object produced by a net applied force is directly related to the magnitude of the force
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What is Newton's Third Law of Motion?
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For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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What are copernicus' main contributions to astronomy?
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he published the sun centered model
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What are some of Hubble's main contributions to astronomy?
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he helped us learn about the expansion of the universe and that galaxies are moving away from us and the further away a galaxy is the faster it is moving.
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What can we learn from the light of distant objects and what methods do we use to get this information?
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- doppler shift - can tell us if an object is moving towards or away from us.
-temperature - the peak wavelength of an emission from an object can tell us its temperature - composition- looking at emission or absorption lines of an object can tell us what gases or elements it contains |
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In what ways do telescopes help us learn about the universe?
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- gathering more light than our eyes can because they have a larger light collecting area
- distinguishing more detail than our eyes can because they have a better angular resolution - seeing different times of electromagnetic radiation - by capturing and storing images that can be shown to people around the world. |
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what are some problems that we run into when we use telescopes here on earth to look at the universe?
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- light pollution from nearby cities or other areas
- air turbulence that makes objects look like they are moving when they are not. - the earth's atmosphere blocking the majority of electromagnetic spectrum views - clouds that pass overhead and block light - the rotation of the earth on it's axis, changing night into day |
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what are some ways ancient civilizations used astronomy in their daily lives?
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- Navigation
- Time Keeping - Agriculture - Culture - Religion - Astrology |
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Could we see light from a galaxy 20 light years away?
a. Yes, if we built a big enough visual light telescope b. Yes, if we built a big enough X-ray telescope in space. c. No, a galaxy could not exist that far away and still be able to give off light. d. No, such a galaxy would be beyond the limits of our observable Universe. |
d. No, such a galaxy would be beyond the limits of our observable Universe.
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How does the Moon cause tides?
A) The Moon’s gravity pulls harder on the closer side of Earth. B) The Moon’s gravity pulls harder on the farther side of Earth. C) The Moon changes its distance over the course of the lunar cycle. D) The Moon’s period is shorter during different parts of the day. E) The Moon’s dark side is colder, and the temperature difference warps its surface. |
A) The Moon’s gravity pulls harder on the closer side of Earth.
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You are traveling in a spaceship on a straight line voyage from Earth to Mars.
If you want to turn your space ship to the left, you need to: A) Fire your engines to the left, according to the law of conservation of momentum. B) Fire your engines to the right, according to the law of conservation of momentum. C) Fire your engines to the left, according to the law of conservation of energy. D) Fire your engines to the right, according to the law of conservation of energy. |
B) Fire your engines to the right, according to the law of conservation of momentum.
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What is the law of conservation of momentum?
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"when two bodies collide with one another, the total energy remains constant" - the total momentum of the two objects does not change
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what is the law of conservation of energy?
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energy may neither be created nor destroyed.
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When can a solar eclipse occur?
A) During a full moon, when the Moon blocks out the Sun. B) During a full moon, when the Sun blocks out the Moon. C) During a new moon, when the Moon blocks out the Sun. D) During a new moon, when the Sun blocks out the Moon. E) During the fall equinox, when the Sun’s path goes from East to West. |
C) During a new moon, when the Moon blocks out the Sun.
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If Earth were to move to ½ the distance from the Sun as it is now, the force of gravity
between the Sun and the Earth would be: A) ½ as strong B) ¼ as strong C) twice as strong D) four times as strong E) the same |
D) four times as strong
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Explain the nebular theory of solar system formation.
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The solar system formed due to the collapse of a nebula as the cloud collapse it started to speed up it's orbit, flattened and increased in density and temperature. The majority of matter was pulled to the center forming a star and then the left over matter formed into planets, moons, asteroids and comets
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What is some evidence that supports nebular theory?
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- Almost all planets and moons in the solar system rotate on their axis in the same direction
- Almost all planets and moons in the solar system orbit in the same direction. - The gas giant planets only formed far from the Sun, and have much more mass than the terrestrial planets - Terrestrial planets and asteroids are rocky objects - The most matter and the hottest conditions lie at the center of the disk of planets and moons, our Sun.` |
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List four ways that Terrestrial planets and Jovian planets are different from each other?
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- Terrestrial planets have a rocky surface, Jovian planets are spheres of gas.
- terrestrial planets are small while jovian planets are large - terrestrial planets have little mass while jovian planets are massive - terrestrial planets are hot while jovian planets are cooler - jovian planets have rings and terrestrial planets do not have rings - Terrestrial planets are close to the sun while jovian planets are farther from the sun - Terrestrial planets have a high density compared to Jovian planets. - Terrestrial planets have many different geological processes, Jovian have few. |
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Why did Terrestrial planets and Jovian Planets form so differently?
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The Jovian planets formed outside the temperature barrier (frost line) where hydrogen
compounds could condense. This provided more initial material available for the Jovian planets to form. The higher concentrations of low density material (gases) give them their very low density. The terrestrial planets have easily accessible solid surfaces that are altered by impacts and geological activity. Cycles of materials and energy can occur with planet wide geological activity |
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Why did Earth and Mars end up so different from each other?
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- Mars is smaller because it ran out of internal energy faster than the earth did.
- there is very little activity on the surface of mars since the core has cooled down and can't fuel geologic activity - it has lost the majority of it's solar winds to space. |
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What conditions on Earth make it habitable for life?
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Surface liquid water
Atmospheric oxygen Plate tectonics Climate stability |
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List three similarities between the gas giant planets
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Many moons
Many layers of clouds in outer atmosphere Lower cloud layers have very high temperatures and high pressures Created with hydrogen compounds as well as rocky materials Core size is very small relative to the cloud layers Core masses are very similar Core compositions are very similar Lots of planet-wide cloud and weather bands Very large storm systems The gas giant planets all have rings Located far from the Sun, beyond the frost line and the asteroid belt Very low planetary density |
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List three differences between the gas giant planets
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Strength of planetary magnetic field (Jupiter has largest)
Number of moons (Jupiter 60+, Saturn 50+, Uranus 27+, Neptune 13+) Composition of outer cloud layers (Ammonium for Jupiter and Saturn / Methane for Uranus and Neptune) Depths of visible cloud layers (Saturn’s are deeper than Jupiter) Colors of outer cloud layers (White, red, brown for Jupiter and Saturn vs. white, blue) Ring thickness (Saturn’s are the thickest) Different average planetary density (Saturn is lowest, then Uranus, Jupiter, and Neptune) Planet size (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) Planet mass (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) |
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Where do we think Earth’s water came from?
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comet impacts
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List one moon that has current geological activity.
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Titan, Enceladus, Io
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What is one source of internal energy for a moon?
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Tidal forces, radioactivity, impacts
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List one moon likely to have a subsurface ocean.
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Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
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Which moon has a thick atmosphere?
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Titan
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