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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anorthosite
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Rock of aluminum and calcium silicates found in the lunar highlands. (p. 391)
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basalt
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Dark igneous rock characteristic of solidified lava. (p. 384)
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capture hypothesis
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The theory that Earth's moon formed elsewhere in the solar nebula and was later captured by Earth. (p. 394)
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comparative planetology
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The study of planets in relation to one another. (p. 378)
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composite volcano
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A volcano formed by successive lava and ash flows. They have steep sides and, on Earth, are found along subduction zones. (p. 400)
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condensation hypothesis
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The theory that Earth and the moon condensed from the same cloud of material in roughly their present orbital relationship. (p. 394)
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coronae
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On Venus, large, round geological faults in the crust caused by the intrusion of magma below the crust. (p. 402)
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ejecta
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Pulverized rock scattered by meteorite impacts on a planetary surface. (p. 388)
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fission hypothesis
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The theory that the moon and Earth formed when a rapidly rotating protoplanet split into two pieces. (p. 394)
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folded mountain range
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A long range of mountains formed by the compression of a planet's crust. (p. 384)
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global warming
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The gradual increase in the surface temperature of Earth caused by human modifications to Earth's atmosphere. (p. 386)
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greenhouse effect
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The process by which a carbon dioxide atmosphere traps heat and raises the temperature of a planetary surface. (p. 386)
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large-impact hypothesis
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The theory that the moon formed from debris ejected during a collision between Earth and a large planetesimal. (p. 394)
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lobate scarp
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A curved cliff such as those found on Mercury. (p. 396)
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mantle
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The layer of dense rock and metal oxides that lies between the molten core and Earth's surface. Also, similar layers in other planets. (p. 381)
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mare
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One of the lunar lowlands filled by successive flows of dark lava. From the Latin for "sea." (p. 387)
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micrometeorite
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Meteorite of microscopic size. (p. 389)
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midocean rise
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One of the undersea mountain ranges that push up from the seafloor in the center of the oceans. (p. 384)
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multiringed basin
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Large impact feature (crater) containing two or more concentric rims formed by fracturing of the planetary crust. (p. 389)
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outflow channel
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Geological feature produced by the rapid motion of floodwaters. Applied to features on Mars. (p. 409)
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P wave
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A pressure wave. A type of seismic wave produced in Earth by the compression of the material. (p. 382)
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plastic
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A material with the properties of a solid but capable of flowing under pressure. (p. 383)
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plate tectonics
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The constant destruction and renewal of Earth's surface by the motion of sections of crust. (p. 395)
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primeval atmosphere
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Earth's first air. (p. 386)
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rays
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Ejecta from meteorite impacts forming white streamers radiating from some lunar craters. (p. 388)
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rift valley
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A long, straight, deep valley produced by the separation of crustal plates. (p. 385)
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S wave
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A shear wave. A type of seismic wave produced in Earth by the lateral motion of the material. (p. 382)
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secondary atmosphere
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The gases outgassed from a planet's interior; rich in carbon dioxide. (p. 386)
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secondary crater
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Impact crater formed by debris ejected from a larger impact. (p. 388)
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shield volcano
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Wide, low-profile volcanic cone produced by highly liquid lava. (p. 400)
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subduction zone
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A region of a planetary crust where a tectonic plate slides downward. (p. 384)
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terminator
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The dividing line between daylight and darkness on a planet or moon. (p. 387)
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valley network
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A system of dry drainage channels on Mars that resembles the beds of rivers and tributary streams on Earth. (p. 409)
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vesicular basalt
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A porous rock formed by solidified lava with trapped bubbles. (p. 391)
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