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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 lightest elements that were formed shortly after the creation of the universe?
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Helium
Hydrogen Lithium |
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The _______ elements were produces much later by stars and cast into speace when the stars died. By mass, 98% of the matter in the univers is __________ and __________.
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heavier
hydrogen helium |
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When and how was the solar system created?
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4.6 billion years ago
from swirling, disk-shaped clouds of gas, ice and dust called solar nebula. |
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The solar system was formed from swirling, disk-shaped clouds of gas, ice and dust called _______ _______.
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solar nebula
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How were the 4 inner planets formed?
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Through accretion of dust particles into planetesimals and then into larger protoplanets.
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How were the 4 outer planets formed?
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Through the runaway accretion of gas and ice onto rocky protoplanetary cores.
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What formed in the center of the solar nebula?
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Sun
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The 2 ________ planets of the solar system share many characteristics and are distinctly different from the four giant __________ planets and from pluto.
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inner
outer |
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What is another name for inner planets?
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terrestrial
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Are the inners planets big or small?
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small
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Do the inner planets have high average densities or low?
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high
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What are the inner planets primarily composed of?
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Rock and Metal
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What two outer planets have large diameters and low densities and are composed of primarily hydrogen and helium?
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Jupiter and Saturn
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What two outer planets have large quantities of water as well as much hydrogen and helium?
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Uranus and Neptune
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What is pluto made out of?
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Rock-ice composition
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_________ are rocky and metallic debris in the solar system larger than about a kilometer in diameter.
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Asteroid
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_________ are smaller pieces of such rocky and metallic debris.
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Meteoroids
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________ are debris that contain both ice and rock.
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Comets
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Astronomers have observed disks of _____ and _____ orbiting other stars.
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gas
dust |
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How many extrasolar planets have been discovered?
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120
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How big are the extrasolar planets?
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about the size of Jupiter
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How are extrasolar planets discovered?
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Indirectly, by their effects on the stars they orbit.
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How many stars are there in the solar system?
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1 sun
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Was the solar system created as a direct result of the formation of the universe?
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No, All matter and energy were created by the Big Bang. However, much of the material that exists in our solar system was processed inside stars that evolved before the solar system existed. The solar system formed billions of years after the Big Bang occurred.
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How long has the Earth existed?
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4.6 billion years
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Is Pluto always the farthest planets from the Sun?
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No. Every 250 years, Pluto Joins Neptune's orbit for 20 years and then it goes back to an elliptical orbit.
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What typical shape do moons have?
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While some moons are spherical, most look roughly like potatoes.
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Have any Earthlike planets been discovered orbiting sunlike stars?
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No, nearly all the planets discovered orbiting Sunlike stars are Jupiter-like gas giants.
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Who do astronomers believe that the solar nebula was rotating?
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B/c the astronomers have observed gas and dust orbiting around young stars.
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What are the 4 methods for discovering extrasolar planets?
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1. Radial Velocity method
2. Astronomic method 3. Transient method 4. Microlensing |
