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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Latitude |
Measured from the equator to the poles
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Declination |
measured from the celestial equator to the celestial poles |
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Lonitude |
measured from the Greenwich Meridian around the equator |
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Right ascension |
measured from first point in Aries |
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Original nebula vs contracted |
original- same temp everywhere and dust contracted- heated in the center, no dust, rocks and metals condense and hydrogen stays vaporized --> form outer planets |
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How terrestrial planets formed |
condensation (accretion happens in it--> build up) --> planetessimals have their own gravity |
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JOVIAN PLANETS
Core Accretion Theory |
formed like terrestrial planets catches all the gas --> made of gas |
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T-Tauri Phase |
Star T = Taurus Stellar winds & radiation --> things being thrown off |
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Jovian Planets Gravitational Instability Theory |
Parts of the cool outer disk contracted (orig nebula) Protoplanets captured gas from the nebula |
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Core Accretion Theory |
core up to 20x earths mass |
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gravitational instability |
core up to 6x earths mass |
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Form Jovian planets |
form on the outside |
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Asteroid Belt |
Jupiters gravity effected rocks between it and mars Rocks couldn't escape or turn into planet |
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as gas compresses |
atoms get closer, temp goes up, atoms now fuse |
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core of sun converts |
hydrogen to helium |
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a little bit of _____ makes A LOT of ______ |
MASS makes a lot of energy |
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OUR SUN IS SO BIG... |
100 earths can across it |
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THE TALK |
-Mountain in Hawaii Mauna Kea -Telescope name: Canada, France, Hawaii -13,793 feet |
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Our sun is so powerful... |
10 billion one megaton nuclear bombs going off 6 seconds of suns output could evaporate all of earths oceans |
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Structure of the Sun |
Core Radiation Convection Photosphere Chromosphere |
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Sun Core |
Nuclear fusion |
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Sun Radiation Zone |
High energy particles and photons carry energy |
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Sun Convection Zone |
Flowing gas carries energy |
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convection cycles |
-liquid/gas becomes less dense when heated -float up through denser material -cool down and fall down again |
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Solar Granulation |
each cell = continent size 5-10 minutes dark parts about 500 degrees cooler |
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Photosphere |
Surface |
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Chromosphere |
Lonely particles and photons carry energy |
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magnetic field of the Sun |
-electrons and protons separate from their atoms -electrons and protons move through convection and rotation |
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When charged particles move |
-differential rotation distorts the magnetic field lines -field lines become kinked and twisted -eventually poles trade places and it all resets |
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Sunspot Observations |
-magnetic field of a sunspot is very strong -magnetic field is directed into or out of the sun -sunspots usually appear in pairs & opposite polarities -cooler then their surroundings |
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Prominences |
-loops/sheets of glowing gas -magnetic instabilities -last for week, days or hours -10 earths across |
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Flares |
violent minutes particles blasted into space bomb exploding |
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Coronal Mass Ejections |
sometimes go with flares/prominences bubbles of magnetized gas 2-3 per day max |
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Earths magnetic Field |
distorted by solar wind on one side |
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Van Allen Belt |
saves us from the harmful high energy particles |
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Maunder Minimum |
70 years low count sunspots corresponds with little ice age, droughts and stroms |
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Greenhouse effect |
-earth absorbs light and radiates heat back -at equilibrium earths temp would be -23 -water vapour and carbon dioxide absorb heat and trap it in the atmosphere |
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What happens in the summer |
In the summer the sun's rays are more direct In the winter sun rays are so spread out |
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Biggest tides are when |
when Moon and sun pull together |
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Formation of the moon |
4.6 billion yrs old something mars size collided with earth material knocked off earth formed into Moon Moons composition is close to earths mantle |
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Moon has heavy bombardment |
solar system formed and the moon like everything else got bombarded surface of moon was molten |
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bombardment ends |
CRUST FORMS 3.9 billion years ago cooled from outside in |
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Moon Vulcanism |
hot interior of the moon erupted through crust craters filled with lava to create smooth surface |
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Moons atmosphere formed and escaped |
volcanos spewed out gasses moons gravity isnt as strong as earths couldnt hold onto atmosphere |
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Moon vulcanism ends |
crater goes on no atmosphere to burn rocks so it keeps getting hit today |
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Moon erosion |
constant impact = fine dust dust fills up craters |
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MOON Tidal lock |
-earth's gravity causes tidal bulges on the Moon -moon rotates the bulge away --> earths gravity pulls it back -moons rotation is slowed until it has 1:1 spin-orbit (1 ROTATION = 1 ORBIT) -we always see same side of moon |
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Formation of Mercury and Venus |
Mercury formed from iron-rich material close to sun venus formed closer to earth |
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Mercury- Vulcanism |
half of planet covered in smooth plains |
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Mercury's atmosphere formed & escaped |
Gravity less then earths more heat and solar wind couldnt hold onto atmosphere |
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Venus' atmosphere |
didnt escape volcanoes spewed out gasses gravity is super close to earths earth and venus = very similar atmospheres |
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Venus' atmosphere compared to earth |
Venus more carbon dioxide then nitrogen clouds are sulphuric acid Earth more nitrogen then oxygen clouds of water |
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Mercury-cratering |
mercury irons core cooled and shrank crust was squeezed shut no atmosphere to burn up incoming rocks "weird" terrain |
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Venus vulcanism |
venus high temp slowed the planets cooling lava rivers with deltas shield volcanos --> constantly building up lava domes coronae |
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Venus meteroid |
Knocked venus upside down and slowed spin |
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Mercury Greek god |
messenger to the gods Hermes |
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Venus Greek god |
goddess of beauty Aphrodite |
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Phases |
we can only see things when the Sun shines on them Sometimes we cant see all of the parts the sun is shinging on |
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Mars Vulcanism- Olympus Mons |
Shield Volcano Lower surface gravity --> mountain can get taller |
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Vulcanism Mars- Tharsis Bulge |
Size of North America |
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Vulcanism Mars- Valles Marineris |
Surface cracj formed when Tharsis bulged |
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Mars atmosphere |
DIDNT ESCAPE |
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Evidence of early liquid |
Runoff channels and deltas clay deposits |
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Mars and water |
Water froze |
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Vulcanism ends Mars |
smaller so cooled quick not enough vulcanism for plate tectonics never started |
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Evidence for later liquid water on Mars |
outflow channels and tear drop islands terraced beaches |
