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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes the "bands" on Jupiter? |
Weather mechanics; hot gasses rising and cold gases falling. |
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Why is the sky blue? |
Because light from the sun is being scattered by Earth's atmosphere.
scattering = 1 ÷ λ⁴
shorter wavelength = more scattering |
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How much does pressure decrease in Earth's atmosphere per scale height? |
Pressure decreases exponentially with height.
P = P₀∗e^(h/h₀) where: P = Pressure P₀ = Pressure at sea level h = height h₀ = scale height
1 scale height = 10 km |
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Perfect Gas Law? |
P = nkT
where: P = Pressure n = particles/m³ k = Boltzmann's constant T = Temperature (K) |
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Why are smaller planets' atmospheres not mostly H₂ / He? |
H₂ / He are smaller molecules and move faster. Combined with lower gravity, they reach escape velocity and "leak" out. Bigger molecules (N, O₂) stay. |
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How did Earth replace it's primary atmosphere? |
Volcanoes (H₂O, CO₂, N₂) & comets containing volatiles burned up in the atmosphere (made of clay). |
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How long did it take the primary atmosphere to leak out? |
≈ 10⁸ years |
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What gases make up Earth's atmosphere? |
78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Argon 400/10⁶ CO₂ H₂O vapor |
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What % of Venus' atmosphere is carbon? |
96% also some Nitrogen & Argon |
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What is the dominant gas in Mars' atmosphere? |
CO₂ |
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__% of Jupiter's atmosphere is ___________. Where did it come from? |
98% H₂ came from solar nebula |
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What are the layers of the atmosphere (from the ground up)? |
Troposphere, (Tropopause), Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere |
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What sets temperature in the troposphere? |
Ground temperature (convection with the surface of the Earth) |
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What sets temperature in the stratosphere? |
Contains O₃ (ozone) and is heated by solar UV |
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What sets temperature in the mesosphere? |
No ozone, heated by stratosphere |
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Sex cells divide by _______, others by ____________. |
Meiosis Mitosis |
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What is allopatric speciation? |
It occurs when a new species evolves when a group becomes isolated |
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What are genes? |
Specific segments of chromosomes constituting the basic unit of hereditary, alternative form is an allele |
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Which planets in our solar system are not habitable? a) Europa b) Titan c) Enceladus d) Mars e) None of the above |
e) None of the above |
