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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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JULY
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aphelion
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parallax
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the apparent change of position of an object due to a change in location
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COPERNICUS
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1. planets revolve around the sun
2. explained retrograde motion without use of epicycles |
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Lyman
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electron jumps up or down from ground state
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solar eclipse
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Earth passes through the Moon's shadow
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declination
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angular distance north or south of the celestial equator
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sidereal period
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the amount of time it takes the Moon to circle the sky once and return to the same position among the stars
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azimuth
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angle measured from North along the horizon
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lunar eclipse
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moon passes through Earth's shadow
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JAN
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perihelion
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ecliptic
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the apparent path of the sun around the sky
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Newtons 3 Laws
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1. Law of Inertia
2. acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force acting on the object in the direction of hte force and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object 3. objects exert equal and opposite forces on one another |
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frequency
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how frequently a vibration occurs
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right ascension
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angle meansured eastward along the celestial equator from the vernal equinox
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ARISTOTLE
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1. Earth center of the universe
2. Heavens are perfect |
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Electromagnetic Radiation
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(travels at the speed of light)
changing electric and magnetic fields that travel through space and transfer energy from one place to another |
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ground state
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the lowest level in which an electron can exist (prefered state)
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black body radiation
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dense hot objects emit light in a continuous spectrum
*only absorb light |
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synodic period
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the amount of time it takes the Moon to go through one complete cycle of phases
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electron
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negative charged particle
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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
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everything attracts everything else with a force that equals the product of their masses and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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tempterature
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meausre of energy of motion of particles in a substance
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GALILEO
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1. moon not perfect
2. Milky Way consists of numerous stars 3. Jupiter has several moons 4. sun has sunspots that move 5. Venus experiences a complete set of phases |
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continuous spectra
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heated solids, liquids, and dense gas
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circumpolar constellations
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constellation that never rise nor set (always observable)
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doppler shift
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light we see from an object moving away or towards us
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wavelength
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distance from peak to peak
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Keplers 3 Laws
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1. planet moves in eliptical orbit w/ sun as the center
2. line from sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of space in equal time intervals 3. squares of the periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their average distances from the Sun |
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protons
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positive charged particles
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altitude
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angular distance above or below the horizon
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neutrons
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a particle with no charge
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zodiac
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a belt around the sky 18 degrees wide centered on the ecliptic
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absorbtion spectra
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continous spectra-lines absorbed by a gas
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photon
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a bundle of light energy
*energy varies inversely w/ wavelength |
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Balmer
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electron jumps from 2nd level
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emission spectra
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rarefied gases
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Paschen
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electron jumps from 3rd level
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nucleus
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center of an atom containing protons and neutrons
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blueshift
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shift of wavelength (short) moving towrds us
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redshift
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shift of wavelength (long) moving away from us
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BRAHE
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1. discovered supernova
2. earth center; planets orbit the sun 3. detailed measurements of planets motions over 20 yrs |
