Astro 16 Terms

Front 1

Phases of the moon: New moon?

Back 1

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_0.png"><br />New Moon (Phase 1 of 8)

Front 2

Phases of the moon: Waxing Crescent?

Back 2

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_1.png"><br />Waxing Crescent (Phase 2 of 8)

Front 3

Phases of the moon: First Quarter?

Back 3

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_2.png"><br />First Quarter (Phase 3 of 8)

Front 4

Phases of the moon: Waxing Gibbous?

Back 4

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_3.png"><br />Waxing Gibbous (Phase 4 of 8)

Front 5

Phases of the moon: Full Moon?

Back 5

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_4.png"><br />Full Moon (Phase 5 of 8)

Front 6

Phases of the moon: Waning Gibbous?

Back 6

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_5.png"><br />Waning Gibbous (Phase 6 of 8)

Front 7

Phases of the moon: Last quarter?

Back 7

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_6.png"><br />Last Quarter (Phase 7 of 8)

Front 8

Phases of the moon: Waning Crescent?

Back 8

<img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_7.png"><br />Waning Crescent (Phase 8 of 8)

Front 9

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_0.png">

Back 9

New Moon (Phase 1 of 8)

Front 10

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_1.png">

Back 10

Waxing Crescent (Phase 2 of 8)

Front 11

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_2.png">

Back 11

First Quarter (Phase 3 of 8)

Front 12

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_3.png">

Back 12

Waxing Gibbous (Phase 4 of 8)

Front 13

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_4.png">

Back 13

Full Moon (Phase 5 of 8)

Front 14

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_5.png">

Back 14

Waning Gibbous (Phase 6 of 8)

Front 15

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_6.png">

Back 15

Last Quarter (Phase 7 of 8)

Front 16

Phases of the moon:<br /><img src="Phases of the Moon/Moon_phase_7.png">

Back 16

Waning Crescent (Phase 8 of 8)

Front 17

Spherical aberration

Back 17

light reflected from the mirror's edge gets focused to a slightly different point than light reflected from the center

Front 18

light reflected from the mirror's edge gets focused to a slightly different point than light reflected from the center

Back 18

Spherical aberration

Front 19

Astigmatism

Back 19

the mirror is not ground symmetrically about its center (it might be slightly egg-shaped, for example); star images focus to crosses rather than to points

Front 20

the mirror is not ground symmetrically about its center (it might be slightly egg-shaped, for example); star images focus to crosses rather than to points

Back 20

Astigmatism

Front 21

Coma

Back 21

stars near the edge of the field look elongated, like comets, while those in the center are sharp points of light

Front 22

stars near the edge of the field look elongated, like comets, while those in the center are sharp points of light

Back 22

Coma

Front 23

telescope's apparent field of view

Back 23

how much of sky in degres is seen edge-to-edge through the eyepiece alone

Front 24

how much of sky in degres is seen edge-to-edge through the eyepiece alone

Back 24

telescope's apparent field of view

Front 25

telescope's true/real field of view

Back 25

how much of the sky in degrees can be seen when the eyepiece is in conjunction with a telescope<br><br>true field = apparent field/magnification

Front 26

how much of the sky in degrees can be seen when the eyepiece is in conjunction with a telescope<br><br>true field = apparent field/magnification

Back 26

telescope's true/real field of view

Front 27

synodic period

Back 27

time interval between oppositions

Front 28

time interval between oppositions

Back 28

synodic period

Front 29

sideral period

Back 29

time interval measured relative to background stars

Front 30

time interval measured relative to background stars

Back 30

sideral period

Front 31

equatorial coordinate system

Back 31

based on latitude-longitude system of Earth but does not participate in the planet's rotation<br><br>Declination -> latitude, measured in degrees N & S of equator<br>Right Ascension -> longitude, measured eastward along celestia equatior from vernal equinox to its intersection with object's hour circle (circle through object and north celestial pole), measured in hours, minutes, and seconds

Front 32

based on latitude-longitude system of Earth but does not participate in the planet's rotation<br><br>Declination -> latitude, measured in degrees N & S of equator<br>Right Ascension -> longitude, measured eastward along celestia equatior from vernal equinox to its intersection with object's hour circle (circle through object and north celestial pole), measured in hours, minutes, and seconds

Back 32

equatorial coordinate system

Front 33

local sideral time of an observer

Back 33

amount of time that has elapsed since the vernal equinox last traversed the meridian<br><br>also,<br><br>the hour angle of the vernal equinox: angle between a celestial object and the observer's meridian, measured in the direction of the object's motion around the celestial sphere

Front 34

amount of time that has elapsed since the vernal equinox last traversed the meridian<br><br>also,<br><br>the hour angle of the vernal equinox: angle between a celestial object and the observer's meridian, measured in the direction of the object's motion around the celestial sphere

Back 34

local sideral time of an observer

Front 35

vernal equinox

Back 35

intersection of celestial equator and the ecliptic

Front 36

intersection of celestial equator and the ecliptic

Back 36

vernal equinox

Front 37

proper motion

Back 37

transverse velocity, appears as slow, angular change in equatorial coordinates<br><br>u = dtheta/dt =transverse velocity/distance to star

Front 38

transverse velocity, appears as slow, angular change in equatorial coordinates<br><br>u = dtheta/dt =transverse velocity/distance to star

Back 38

proper motion

Front 39

radial velocity

Back 39

line-of-sight component of a star <br><br>receeding star<br><br>

Front 40

line-of-sight component of a star <br><br>receeding star<br><br>

Back 40

radial velocity

Front 41

Planck Radiation formula -> Radiated power: Stefan-Boltzman Law<br><br><img src="Plank.PNG"><br><br><img src="Stefan.PNG">

Back 41

integrate over wavelength to get total power radiated

Front 42

integrate over wavelength to get total power radiated

Back 42

Planck Radiation formula -> Radiated power: Stefan-Boltzman Law<br><br><img src="Plank.PNG"><br><br><img src="Stefan.PNG">

Front 43

Planck Radiation Formula -> Wien Displacement Law<br><br><$> \lambda_peak = \frac{0.0029}{T}</$>

Back 43

Take derivative to find the peak of the distribution

Front 44

Take derivative to find the peak of the distribution

Back 44

Planck Radiation Formula -> Wien Displacement Law<br><br><$> \lambda_peak = \frac{0.0029}{T}</$>

Front 45

Planck Radiation Formula -> Energy density in photons<br><br>Energy density = <$>4/c \sigma T^4</$>

Back 45

Relate radiated power to energy density

Front 46

Relate radiated power to energy density

Back 46

Planck Radiation Formula -> Energy density in photons<br><br>Energy density = <$>4/c \sigma T^4</$>

Front 47

Planck Radiation -> Radiative Cooling Time<br><br>

Back 47

Relate time to temperature <br><br><$>t_cooling = \frac{Nk}{2\epsilion \sigma A} [1/T^3_final - 1/T^3_hot]</$>

Front 48

Stefan-Boltzman Law

Back 48

<$>\frac{P}{A} = e \sigma (T^4 - T^4_c) j/m^2s</$><br><br>e is emissivity (e = 1 for ideal radiator)<br><br>P is net radiated power<br>A is radiating area<br>sigma is Stefans constant<br>T is temp of radiator<br>Tc is temp of surroundings

Front 49

<$>\frac{P}{A} = e \sigma (T^4 - T^4_c) j/m^2s</$><br><br>e is emissivity (e = 1 for ideal radiator)<br><br>P is net radiated power<br>A is radiating area<br>sigma is Stefans constant<br>T is temp of radiator<br>Tc is temp of surroundings

Back 49

Stefan-Boltzman Law

Front 50

Plank radiation formula

Back 50

describes EM radiation in a region is at equalibrium w/ surroundings

Front 51

describes EM radiation in a region is at equalibrium w/ surroundings

Back 51

Plank radiation formula

Front 52

Stefan Boltzmann law

Back 52

total energy radiated from an area in a region of space<br>energy density can be related to this law by factor of c/4

Front 53

total energy radiated from an area in a region of space<br>energy density can be related to this law by factor of c/4

Back 53

Stefan Boltzmann law

Front 54

power

Back 54

rate of doing work<br><br><$>ML^2/T^3</$>

Front 55

rate of doing work<br><br><$>ML^2/T^3</$>

Back 55

power

Front 56

watt

Back 56

erg/s

Front 57

erg/s

Back 57

watt

Front 58

dyne

Back 58

Newton

Front 59

Newton

Back 59

dyne

Front 60

dyne cm<br><br>or<br><br>joule

Back 60

erg

Front 61

erg

Back 61

dyne cm<br><br>or<br><br>joule

Front 62

Units of work/energy

Back 62

<$>\frac{ML^2}{T^2}</$>

Front 63

<$>\frac{ML^2}{T^2}</$>

Back 63

Units of work/energy