Astr Cont

Front 1

conservation of momentum

Back 1

momentum can't change unless external force acts on them

-when 2 balls hit the combined momentum after htey hit is the same as before (no external forces)

Front 2

conservation of angular momentum

Back 2

-can be change only by TORQUE (twisting force)

-obj can only change its own momentum by transferrings ome to or from another object

-earth needs no fuel!!
-bc earth's angular speed depends on its distance from the sun its speed must be faster when its closer to the sun (radius is shorter)

Front 3

conservation of energy

Back 3

objects can gain or lose energy only by exchanging energy w other objects

= all actions in universe involve exchanges of energy or conversion to another form

Front 4

3 types of energy

Back 4

kinetic
radiative
potential

Front 5

kinetic energy

Back 5

objects in motion have kinetic energy

Front 6

potential energy

Back 6

stored energy - can be converted to kinetic or radiative

Front 7

radiative energy

Back 7

energy carried by light

-why light can cause changes in matter (warm)

Front 8

thermal energy

Back 8

collective kinetic energy of many individual particals

(temperature measure the avg kinetic energy of particals)
-higher temp means particles have a higher average kinetic energy)

Front 9

gravitational potential energy

Back 9

depends on its mass and how far it can fall due to gravity

(has more when higher up)

Front 10

mass-energy

Back 10

energy contained in mass itself
-mass is a form of potential energy

E= mc^2
(E= amt of potential energy)

Front 11

gravity extended to kepler's laws

Back 11

kepler's laws are consequences of the laws of motion and the universal law of gravitation

KEPLER'S 2ND LAW:
-planet moves faster when closer to sun (conservation of angular momentum)

KEPLER'S 3RD LAW:
-avg orbital speed higher for planets w smaller orbital distance --
--Planets closer to sun have stronger gravitational attraction

Front 12

"epicycle"

Back 12

the SMALL CIRCLE
that turns around a bigger circle

(as shown in the ptolemaic model)

Front 13

universal law of gravitation

Back 13

-every mass attracts every other mass thru a force called gravity

-strength of gravity atrracting 2 objects is proportional to product of their masses
(doubling one's mass doulbes force between them)

-strength of gravity between 2 objects decreases w/ square of distance between their centers
(doulbing their distance weakens the force by 2^2 (4)

Front 14

"spacetime"

Back 14

time dilation (time moves slower when moving faster)
argues time and space cannot be seperated
-must be consided a SINGLE ENTITY

Front 15

to push mass faster than the speed of light...

Back 15

would require an infinite amt of energy

E=mc^2

Front 16

potential energy
(3 types?)

Back 16

1)GRAVITATIONAL

2)CHEMICAL

3)ELECTRICAL

Front 17

increasing thermal energy?

Decreasing thermal energy?

Back 17

increasing thermal energy =
-causes bonds to break
(dissociation, ionization, -plasma phase)

decreasing thermal energy:
-forms bonds, makes bonds stronger
-