Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
acute exacerbations
|
sob
wheezing chest tightness cough tachypnea tachy pulsus paradoxus (severe exacerbations) |
|
|
mild asthmatic attack
|
mild dyspnea
wheezing |
|
|
moderate asthmatic attack
|
resp distress at rest
marked wheezing |
|
|
severe asthmatic attack
|
marked resp distress
loud wheezing cough diffulty speaking accessory chest muscle use chest hyperinflation |
|
|
resp failure attack
|
severe resp distress
confusion lethargy cyanosis disappearance of breath sounds pulsus paradoxus >12mm Hg |
|
|
diagnostic test results
|
pulmonary function test
bld analysis sputum analysis pulse oximetry arterial bld gas measurements ECG chest radiography allergy skin tests |
|
|
pulmonary fxn test
|
determine the degree of airway obstruction and maybe between exacerbations
|
|
|
forced expiratory vol 1 second (FEV1)
forced vital capacity |
dec during acute exacerbation
|
|
|
residual volume
total lung capacity |
inc due to air trapping and lung hyperinflation
|
|
|
peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR)
|
correlates well with fev1
not used in dx of asthma best measured early am |
|
|
diurnal variation > 20%in PEFR
|
suggest airway hyperresponsiveness and less than adequate asthma control
|
|
|
assess hyperresponsiveness and rule out asthma
|
provocation testing w/ histamine or methacholine challenge
|
|
|
inc WBC
|
bld analysis -> acute exacerbation
|
|
|
sputum analysis reveals
|
eosinophils
curschmann's spirals charcot-Leyden crystals creola bodies bacteria |
|
|
curschmanns spirals
|
mucous casts of the small airways
|
|
|
charcot-leyden crystals
|
prodts of eosinophil breakdown
|
|
|
creola bodies
|
clumps of epithelial cells
|
|
|
pulse oximetry
|
noninvasive means of assessing the degree of hypoxemia during an acute exacerbation
|
|
|
oximeter
|
measures oxygen saturation in arterial blood (SaO2) and pulse
|
|
|
arterial bld gas measurements
|
help gauge the severity of the asthma exacerbation
|
|
|
hyperventilation
|
early stages of asthma exacerbation
dec in partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide |
|
|
resp acidosis
|
poor prognostic sign
develops if hypoxemia worsens and pt;s resp rate is not maintain due to resp fatigue -> rising PaCO2 level |
|
|
ECG
|
show sinus tachy
older pt |
|
|
radioallergosorbent test
|
helpful in id possible allergic triggers
|
|
|
signs of resp distress
|
use of accessory muscles
inability to speak in sentences ambulate due to dyspnea declining mental status PEFR less than 50% cyanosis suprasternal retractions abs of resp sounds inc PaCO2 |
