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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some precipitating factors for asthma?
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Exercise
Environmental allergens Viral respiratory infections Cold air Stress Rhinitis GERD Obstructive sleep apnea |
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How is asthma evaluated for in the clinic?
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Spirometry test with bronchodilators
Methacholine test Allergy testing Arterial blood gases |
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What are potential complications from asthma?
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Exhaustion
Dehydration Airway infection Tussive syncope Pneumothorax Hypoxemia and hypercapnia |
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What asthma syndrome is associated with high level irritant exposure? What syndrome is associated with eosinophilia and IgE? What syndrome is associated with exercise? What syndrome is associated with a medication?
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Reactive airway dysfunction- irritant exposure.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis- eosinophilia, IgE. Exercise induced bronchospasm- 5 to 10 minutes after exercise. Aspirin sensitive asthma |
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What are asthma classifications based on?
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Frequency of symptoms
Nighttime awakenings Frequency of inhaler use Interference of symptoms in activity Lung function |
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What are the main treatment options for asthma?
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Avoidance of allergens/ precipitating factors
Bronchodilators Corticosteroids Leukotriene modifiers Theophylline |
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What are the concerns of asthma in pregnancy?
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Pre-ecplampsia
Low birth weight Premature labor Increased infant mortality |
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What are clinical signs of COPD?
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Barrel chest
Hyperresonance Distant breath sounds Prolonged expiratory time Paradoxical chest movement Use of accessory muscles |
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What are the diagnostic tests done for COPD?
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Spirometry
Lung volume Diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide Arterial blood gases Chest X ray |
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What are the 4 stages of COPD? What is the only way to stop the decline in FEV1? Is it reversible?
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Mild: FEV1>80
Moderate: 50% > FEV1 > 80% Severe: 30 > FEV1 > 50 Very severe: FEV1 < 30 Smoking cessation will stop decline in FEV1, but not reverse it. |
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What are some systemic consequences of COPD?
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Atherosclerosis
Osteoporosis Anorexia/ weight loss Fatigue Depression Cor pulmonale |
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What are non-pharmacological approaches to treating COPD?
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Smoking cessation
Avoidance of pollutants Vaccines Nutrition Oxygen Surgical |
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What are pharmacological therapies used to treat COPD?
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B2 agonist nebulizer
Theophylline Corticosteroids- acute Mucolytics Antibiotics |
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What are indications for oxygen therapy in COPD?
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PaO2 < 55 mmHg or SaO2 < 88%
PaO2 56-59 mmHg with evidence of P pulmonale, erythrocytosis, or evidence of right heart failure. |
