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324 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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actinic (solar) keratosis
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SCC
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acute gastric ulcer a/w CNS injury
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Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
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acute gastric ulcer a/w severe burns
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Curling's ulcer (greately reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
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alternating areas of transmural inflammation nad normal colon
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skip lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)
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aneurysm, dissecting
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HTN
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aortic aneurysm, abdominal and decending aorta
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atherosclerosis
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aortic aneurysm, ascending
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tertiary syphilis
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atrophy of the mammillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
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sickle cell anemia (HbS)
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bacteremia/pneumonia in IVDU
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S. aureus
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bacteria a/w stomach cancer
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H. pylori
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bacteria meningitis (adults and elderly)
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Strep pneumoniae
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bacterial meningitis (newborns
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group B strep
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bacterial meningitis (kids)
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S. pneumoniae or N. meningitidis
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benign melanocytic nevus
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Spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades)
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bleeding d/o w/ GpIb deficiency
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Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in plt adhesion)
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brain tumor (adults)
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supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including GBM) > meningioma > schwannoma
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infratentorial brain tumor (kids)
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medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
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supratentorial brain tumor (kids)
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craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
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MC breast cancer
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infiltrating ductal carcinoma (1 in 9 lifetime risk)
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MC breast mass
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fibrocystic change; carcinoma in postmenopausal women
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MC benign breast tumor
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fibroadenoma
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causes pneumoniae in debilitated, hospitalized pts
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Klebsiella
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MC primary cardiac tumor in kids
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rhabdomyoma
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cardiac manifestations of lupus
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Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affects mitral valve)
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MC cardiac tumor in adults
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metastasis
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2nd MC cardiac tumor in adults
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primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")
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cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus)
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chronic arrhythmia
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Afib (a/w high risk of emboli)
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chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
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predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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CAH
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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congenital cardiac anomaly
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VSD
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congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
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constrictive pericarditis in the developing world
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TB
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coronary artery involved in thrombosis
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LAD > RCA > LCA
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cretinism
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iodine defect/hypothyroidism
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MCC of Cushing's syndrome
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exogenous steroids (followed by Cushing's disease - excess ACTH secretion by the pituitary)
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MCCs of newborn cyanosis (early; less common)
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Tetralogy of Fallot; transposition of the great vessels; truncus arteriosus
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MCCs of newborn cyanosis (late; more common)
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VSD, ASD, PDA
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death in CML
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blast crisis
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death in SLE
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lupus nephropathy
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MCC of dementia
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Alzheimers (followed by multiple infarcts)
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DIC
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gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
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ejection click
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aortic/pulmonic stenosis
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esophageal cancer
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SCC
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food poisoning
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S. aureus
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glomerulonephritis in adults
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Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
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gynecologic malignancy
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endometrial carcinoma
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heart murmur
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MVP
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heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
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rheumatic fever: mitral > aortic; IVDU: tricuspid
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MCC of helminth infection in US
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Enterobius vermicularis (followed by Ascaris lumbricoides)
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epidural hematoma
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rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
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subdural hematoma
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rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
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hemochromatosis
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multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF, increases risk of HCC)
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HCC
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cirhotic liver (often from hepB or hepC)
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hereditary bleeding d/o
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von Willebrand's disease
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hereditary harmless jaundice
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Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital cunconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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HLA-B27
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AS, Reiter's, UC
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HLA-DR3 or -DR4
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T1DM, RA, SLE
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holosystolic murmur
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VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
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hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
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Virchow's triad (causes of venous thrombosis)
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secondary HTN
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renal disease
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hypoparathyroidism
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thyroidectomy
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hypopituitarism
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adenoma
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infection in blood transfusion
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hepC
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MC kidney stones
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calcium (radiopaque) > sruvite/ammonium (radiopaque, formed by urease-positive orgs like Proteus vulgaris or Staph) > uric acid (radiolucent)
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late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L --> R becomes R --> L)
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Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, or PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
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lysosomal storage disease
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Gaucher's disease
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malignancy a/w noninfectious fever
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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MC malignant skin tumor
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BCC (rarely metastasizes)
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MC genetic causes of MR
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Down syndrome (followed by fragile X)
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mets to bone
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breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
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mets to brain
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lung, breast, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, GI
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mets to liver
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colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
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mitral valve stenosis
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rheumatic heart disease
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motor neuron disease
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ALS
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myocarditis
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Coxsackie B
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MC neoplasm (kids)
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ALL (followed by cerebellar medulloblastoma)
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MCC of nephrotic syndrome in adults
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MGN
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MCC of nephrotic syndrome in kids
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MCD (a/w infections/vaccinations; tx w/ corticosteroids)
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opening snap
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mitral stenosis
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opportunistic infection in AIDS
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PJP (aka PCP)
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MC organ receiving mets
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adrenals (due to rich blood supply)
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MC organ sending mets
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lung (--> breast, stomach)
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osteomyelitis in pts w/ sickle cell disease
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Salmonella
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osteomyelitis in IVDU
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Pseudomonas
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ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinomaor breast cancer
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Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
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MC benign ovarian tumor
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serous cystadenoma
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MC malignant ovarian tumor
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serous cystadenocarcinoma
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MC pancreatic tumor
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adenocarcinoma (head of the pancreas)
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MCC of acute pancreatitis
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alcohol (40% of cases,) gallstones (40% of cases)
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MCC of chronic pancreatitis
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alcohol (adults,) CF (kids)
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heme malignancy in a child
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ALL (followed by cerebellar medulloblastoma)
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heme malignancy in an adult > 60
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CLL or AML
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heme malignancy in adult 35-50 yo
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CML
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pt w/ Hodgkin's disease
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young male (unless nodular sclerosis type - then female)
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MCC of PID
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
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philidelphia chromosome t(9;22) - bcr-abl
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CML (sometimes ALL/AML)
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MC pituitary tumor
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prolactinoma (followed by somatotrophic "acidophilic" adenoma)
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hospital acquired pneumonia
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Klebsiella
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primary amenorrhea
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Turner's syndrome
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primary bone tumor in adults
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multiple myeloma
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primary hyperaldosteronism
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adenoma of the adrenal cortex
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primary hyperparathyroidism
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adenoma > hyperplasia > carcinoma
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primary liver cancer
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HCC (aka hepatoma)
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pulmonary HTN
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COPD
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recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
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Buerger's disease ( strongly a/w tobacco)
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renal tumor
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RCC (a/w VHL and APCKD); paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
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right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
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cor pulmonale
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S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
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increased ventricular filling (L-->R shunt, MR, or LVF)
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S4 (presystolic gallop)
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stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (AS, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
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secondary hyperparathyroidism
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hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
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STD
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chlamydia
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SIADH
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SCC of the lung
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site of diverticula
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sigmoid colon
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sites of atherosclerosis
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abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
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stomach cancer
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adenocarcinoma (head of the pancreas)
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stomach ulcerations w/ high gastrin levels
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ZES (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
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t(14;18)
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follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
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t(8;14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
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t(9;22)
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Philidelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)
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temporal arteritis
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risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of the opthalmic artery
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testicular cancer
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seminoma
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thyroid cancer
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papillary carcinoma
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tumor in women
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leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
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tumor of infancy
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hemangioma
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tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults
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pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
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tumor of the adrenal medulla in kids
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neuroblastoma (malignant)
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MC type of Hodgkin's
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nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
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MC type of non-Hodgkin's
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diffuse large cell
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MCC of UTI
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E coli, Staph saprophyticus (young sexually-active women)
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viral encephalitis
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HSV
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vitamin deficiency (US)
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folic acid (pregnant women at high risk; body stores 3-4 month supply)
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abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiary syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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achilles tendon xanthoma
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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acrachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease (vertebral TB)
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big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
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bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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blue sclera
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osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
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bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
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café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
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NFI (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas = NFII)
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"cherry-red" spot on macula
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Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (lysosomal storage disease)
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chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)
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child w/ fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
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chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's disease (AD CAG-repeat expansion)
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chronic exercise intolerance w/ malgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
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conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral (MS,) or unilateral (stroke.)
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continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA (close w/ indomethacin; open w/ misoprostol)
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cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
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myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves')
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dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS pts; HHV-8)
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deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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pellagra (niacin/B3 deficiency)
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dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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wet beriberi (thiamine/B1 deficiency)
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infected dog or cat bite
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Pasteurella multocida
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dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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dysphagia (esophageal webs,) glossitis, IDA
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal SCC)
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elastic skin, hypermobile joints
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect)
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enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
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erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic tx of syphilis
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Jarish-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes --> toxin release)
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fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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measles (Morbillivirus)
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fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms (lymphoma)
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fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease (CT d/o)
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boy w/ gout, mental retardation, self-mutilation
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
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green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's)
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hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstriction; increased cancer risk)
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hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neuro sx
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome (collagen mutation)
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hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
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Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
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hypoxemia, hypokalemia, hypercapniea
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blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
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infant w/ FTT, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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infant w/ hypoglycemia, FTT, and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
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infant w/ microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, structural heart defect
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Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
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jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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ascending cholangitis (Charcot's triad)
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skin lesion w/ keratin pearls
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SCC
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lucid interval after TBI
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epidural hematoma
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male child w/ recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (XLA)
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mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in plt aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome (genetic d/o; predisposes to colon cancer)
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necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's and Goodpasture's syndromes (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
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neonate w/ arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury; "waiter's tip")
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no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
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MS (Charcot's triad)
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oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or due to increased ICP)
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painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or infectious mononucleosis)
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painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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painless jaundice
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cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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child w/ palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain
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HSP (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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Wermer's syndrome (MEN 1)
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pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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pink puffer (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking] or panacinar [alpha-1 AT deficiency])
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polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature in a young girl
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
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polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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positive anterior drawer sign
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ACL injury
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ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
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Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll-Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI or UR infection)
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GBS (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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rash on palms and soles
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secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome: PMN chemotaxis abnormality)
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red "currant jelly" sputum
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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red urine in the morning
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paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobiunuria
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renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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VHL (dominant TS gene mutation)
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resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's (nigrostriatal DA depletion)
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restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly,) exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency)
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retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
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single palm crease
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simian crease (Down syndrome)
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situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
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skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
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slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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BMD (X-linked, defective dystrophin)
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small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa w/ blue-white centers
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Koplik spots (measles)
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small, nontender, erythematous lesions on palms/soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
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splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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bacterial endocarditis
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strawberry tongue
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scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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scurvy (vitC deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
|
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osteophytes on DIPs
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Heberden's nodes (OA)
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osteophytes on PIPs
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Bouchard's nodes (OA)
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systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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aortic valve stenosis
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|
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thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal tumors
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Sipple's syndrome (Men 2A)
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unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
|
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vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
|
hemangioma (benign, but a/w Sturge-Weber)
|
|
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vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
|
Schwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin)
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"waxy" casts w/ very low urine flow
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chronic ESRD
|
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WBC casts in urine
|
acute pyelonephritis or cystitis
|
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|
weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippleii)
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"worst headache of my life"
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subarachnoid hemorrhage - berry aneurysm (a/w APCKD)
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anticentromere antibodies
|
CREST
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antidesmoglein antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris
|
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anti-GBM antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)
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antihistone antibodies
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drug-induced SLE
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anti-IgG antibodies
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RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
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ANCAs
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vasculitis (Wegener's microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis)
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anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA ANAs
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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antiplatelet antibodies
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (bleeding diathesis)
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anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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diffuse systemic scleroderma
|
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anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)
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azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods (AML - especially the promyelocytic type)
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bamboo spine
|
AS (HLA-B27)
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|
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basophilic nuclear remnants on RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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|
"boot shaped" heart on x-ray
|
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
|
|
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branching gram-positive rods w/ sulfur granules
|
Actinomyces israelii
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|
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bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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|
|
"brown" tumor of bone
|
hemorrhage (hemnosiderin) due to osteylytic cysts (hyperparathyroidism > osteitis fibrosa cystica [von Reclinghausen's disease])
|
|
|
cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
|
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
|
RPGN
|
|
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"chocolate cyst" of ovary
|
endometriosis (frequently bilateral)
|
|
|
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
|
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
|
|
|
colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
|
CF
|
|
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fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs in Caucasian
|
CF
|
|
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degeneration of dorsal column nerves
|
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
|
|
|
depigmentation of neurons in the substantia nigra
|
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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|
|
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
|
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
|
|
|
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
|
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
|
|
|
dysplastic squamous cervical cell w/ nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
|
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
|
|
|
enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
|
|
|
enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei
|
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
|
|
|
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells
|
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
|
|
|
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
|
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
|
|
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eosinophilic globule in liver
|
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
|
|
|
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
|
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
|
|
|
extracellular amyloid deposition on gray matter of brain
|
senile plaques (Alzheimer's)
|
|
|
giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei containing prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
|
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
|
|
|
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
|
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumor)
|
|
|
"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on X-ray
|
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
|
|
|
elevated hCG
|
choricarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (+/- embryo)
|
|
|
inflammatory heart nodules
|
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
|
|
|
heterophile antibodies
|
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
|
|
|
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
|
Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophilic granules seen in bronchial asthma)
|
|
|
high level of D-dimers
|
DVT, PE, DIC
|
|
|
"honeycomb lung" on X-ray
|
interstitial fibrosis
|
|
|
hypersegmented neutrophils
|
megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)
|
|
|
hypochromic microcytic anemia
|
IDA, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
|
|
|
increased alpha-fetoprotein (amniotic fluid, maternal serum)
|
anencephaly, spina bifida
|
|
|
increased uric acid levels
|
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
|
|
|
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
|
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)
|
|
|
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
|
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis; increased risk of mesothelioma)
|
|
|
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromise
|
Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
|
|
|
low serum ceruloplasmin
|
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
|
|
|
"lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
|
PIGN
|
|
|
lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on X-ray
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
|
malmmary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
|
fibrocystic change of the breast
|
|
|
monoclonal antibody spike
|
multiple myeloma (M protein usually IgG or IgA); MGUS; or Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM)
|
|
|
monoclonal globulin protein in urine
|
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma; kappa or lambda Ig light chains)
|
|
|
mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
|
signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
|
|
|
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
|
"String sign" (Crohn's)
|
|
|
"nutmeg" liver
|
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
|
|
|
"onion-skin" periosteal reaction
|
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
|
|
|
periostium raised from bone, creating triangular area
|
Codman's triangle on X-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
|
|
|
polished, "ivory-like," appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
|
Eburnation (bony sclerosis due to OA)
|
|
|
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau
|
NFTs (Alzheimer's or CJD)
|
|
|
pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
|
GBM
|
|
|
RBC casts in urine
|
acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
rectangular crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells
|
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
|
|
|
renal epithelial casts in urine
|
acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
|
|
positively birefringent rhomboid crystals
|
pseudogout (CPPD)
|
|
|
rib notching
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky")
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, a/w EBV)
|
|
|
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
|
Pick bodies (Pick's disease - progressive dementia similar to Alzheimers)
|
|
|
small granulomatous lesions in lungs (can calcify)
|
Ghon focus (primary TB: Mycobacerium bacilli)
|
|
|
small, round RBC inclusions
|
Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, chronic liver disease)
|
|
|
"soap bubble" on X-ray
|
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
|
|
|
"spikes" on BM, "dome-like" endothelial deposits
|
MGN (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
|
|
|
stacks of RBCs
|
rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myeloma)
|
|
|
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
|
"clue cells" - Gardnerella vaginalis
|
|
|
"Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells (EM)
|
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
|
|
|
thrombi made of white/red layers
|
lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
|
|
|
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
|
epiglottitis (Haemophilis influenzae)
|
|
|
thyroid-like appearance of the kidney
|
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
|
"Tram track" appearance on LM
|
MPGN
|
|
|
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
|
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
|
|
|
"smudged" RBCs
|
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
|
|
|
"wire loop" glomeruli on LM
|
lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
yellow CSF
|
xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
|
