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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what provide structure, give protection, serve as levers, store calcium and produce blood cells
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bones
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how many bones make up axial skeleton (head and trunk) and appendicular skeleton (extremeties, shoulders, hips)
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206 bones
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hard and dense, make up shaft and outer layer
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compact bones
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contain numerous spaces and make up ends and centers
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spongy bones
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what are the shapes of bones
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FILS
FLAT IRREGULAR LONG SHORT |
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Humerous and Femur are examples of what kind of bone
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long bone
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Sternum is an example of what kind of bone
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flat bone
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bones store _________
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calcium
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what is the axial skeleton made up of
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head
trunk |
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what is the appendicular skeleton made up of
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extremities
shoulders hips |
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carpal is an example of what kind of one
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short bone
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bone to bone =
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ligaments
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bone to muscle =
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tendons
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describe the 5 functions of bone
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Protect
Levers Structure Store Calcium Produce Blood Cells |
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what are the 2 types of bones
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compact
spongy |
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name the 3 types of muscles
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Skeletal
Smooth Cardiac |
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involuntary muscle, found in internal organs
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smooth muscles
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attached to bones by tendons, assist with POSTURE, produce BODY HEAT, allow BODY MOVEMENT
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Skeletal muscles
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how many voluntary skeletal muscles
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650
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what are made of long muscle fibers arranged together in bundles and joined by connective tissue
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skeletal muscle
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long muscle fibers are called
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fasciculi
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if nurse moves patients arm for the patient, it is called what type of ROM
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PASSIVE ROM
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Place where 2 or more bones meet
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Joints
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What do JOINTS provide?
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articulation
variation of ranges of motion ROM |
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sutures of the skull are classified as
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fibrous joints
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joints between vertebrae are classified as
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cartilaginous joints
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shoulders, wrists , hips , knees , ankles are classified as
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synovial joints
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as soon as you meet patient, you assess them, COLDSPA, pts shold exxcercise at least
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30 min a day
5 x a week |
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what measures ROM in joints
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goniometer
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a normal change in elderly is ?
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Wider GAIT
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everyone ha TMJ, to test you must
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inspect
palpate test ROM |
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stiffness in arm usually equals
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osteoarthritis
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to test for cervical , thoracic , lumbar spine
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inspect
palpate test ROM of spines test for back and leg pain measure leg length |
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Kyphosis
Lordosis Scoliosis have to do with what |
lumbar spine
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what tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
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Phalins test
Positive = carpal tunnel |
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a positive BALLOTTEMENT test indicates
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positive for large amount of fluid
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Laseque's test positive indicates
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sciatic nerve
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a bulge indicates
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minimal fluid
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when doing passive ROM, what is most important
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NEVER EXCERCISE PAST POINT OF PAIN
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explain how passive ROM works
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2 - 3 x aday
incorporate with bed bath take joint through rom 3x face direction of movement work slow |
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name 3 indicatations for ROM
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prevent contractures
maintain joint mobility stimulate circulation (prevents skin breakdown and increases healing) |
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Name 3 CONTRADICTIONS for ROM
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Acute ARTHRITIS
FRACTURES (stabilize) JOINT DISLOCATIONS (stabilze) Acute CADIAC conditions |
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Special considerations for geriatric/elderly client is
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decrease muscle strength
decrease bone strength |
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ROM - Stimulates circulation which does what
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prevents skin breakdown and increases healing.
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decreased bone strength in elderly causes
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increased risk for weakness that reduces the ability to function , particularly WALK
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what is one of the most important methods of sustaining independance for the elderly
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY/WALKING
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Nodules on the distal interphalanges =
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Osteoarthritis
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Nodules on the proximal interphalanges =
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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bending a limb at the joint
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flexion
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straightening a limb at the joint
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extension
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moving a limb AWAY from the midline of body
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abduction
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moving a limb TOWARD midline of body
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adduction
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turning forearm so the palm is down
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pronation
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turning forearm so that the palm is up
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supination
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moving arm in a circle around shoulder
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circumduction
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moving the sole of the foot INWARD at the ankle
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INversion
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moving sole of foot OUTWARD at the ankle
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EVersion
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moving the head around central axis
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rotation
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moving a body part FORWARD and parralel to ground
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protraction
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moving a body part BACKWARD and parallel to ground
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retraction
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Raising a body part
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elevation
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lowering a body part
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depression
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articulation of the mandible and temporal bone, you can feel it in the depression anterior to the tragus ear.
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TMJ Temporomandibular Joint
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33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical column
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vertebrae
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