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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aetiology of maxillofacial trauma in children
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-Falls 45%
-Play accidents 15% -MVA 15% -Sports 10% |
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Non accidental injury
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-Approx 1% of all injuries
-Approx 50% of all NAI's are to pro-dental region -Torn labial frenum |
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Epidemiology
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-Approx 30% of all by 7 yo (Andreasen 1981)
-Peak at 2-3 years -Falls most common -If previous hx, 4.8 times greater risk of further trauma |
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Difference with permanent teeth
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-Thinner and more elastic alveolar bone
-More likely to be displaced with alveolar fracture (1-3yo) -Physiological root resportion (4-6yo) predisposes to displacement or avulsion |
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Signs of closed head injury
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-Altered or loss of consciousness
-Bleeding from head or ears -Disorientation, nausea, vomiting, amnesia -Altered vision or unilateral dilated pupil -Seizures of convulsions -Speech difficulties |
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Sequelae to primary dentition post trauma
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1. Discolouration (may be transient)
2. Calcification pulp chamber and root canal (yellow) 3. Loss of vitality +/- apical infection +/- buccal sinus/facial cellulitis 4. Internal or pathological external resorption 5. Ankylosis |
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Sequelae to permanent dentition post primary trauma
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1. Enamel hypoplasia
2. Crown dilaceration 3. Odontome formation 4. Sequestration of permanent tooth germ 5. Delayed eruption 6. Altered path of eruption 7. Loss of space 8. Soft tissue impaction 9. Root dilaceration 10. Arrest of root development 11. Duplication of root 12. Vestibular root angulation |
