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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gliding movements |
Intercarpal and tarsal |
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Angular movements |
Increase or decrease the angle between 2 bones |
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Abduction, adduction |
Arms, legs, fingers spread or closed |
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Abduction |
moving away from body, outward |
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Adduction |
Moving toward the body, inward |
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Circumduction |
Circumference (cone shaped rotation) shoulder, hip |
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Rotation |
Circular movement. Head, neck, lower limb |
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Supination |
Turn backward. Palm up |
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Pronation |
Turn forward. Palm down |
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Dorsiflexion |
Toes up |
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Plantar flexion |
Toes pointed |
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Inversion |
Sole, medial (inward) |
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Eversion |
Sole, lateral (outward) |
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Protraction |
Underbite |
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Retraction |
Overbite |
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Elevate |
Jaw up (shrug shoulders) |
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Depression |
Jaw down |
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Opposition |
Touching thumb to finger tip |
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Ligament |
Connects bones to bones |
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Tendon |
Attaches muscle to bone |
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Sprain |
Torn ligament surrounding joint |
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Dislocation |
Bones forced out of alugnment (Luxation, subluxation) |
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Bursitis |
Inflamation of bursae |
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Tendonitis |
Inflamation of tendon sheaths |
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Osteoarthritis |
Most common. Chronic, old age. Non-inflamatory |
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Gouty arthritis |
Uric acid builds in blood formung crystals in joint tissue. |
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Rhumetoid arthritis |
Chronic inflamation. Auto immune disease. |
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Lyme disease |
Ticks carrying virus. Rash and flu like symptoms. |
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Flexion |
Decreases the angle. Head down, bending at the hip, raising arm forward |
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Extension |
Increases the angle. Straight. |
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Hyperextension |
Going beyond anatomical position |
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3 types of muscle |
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth |
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Fascicle |
Bundle of fibers in muscles |
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Circular facicle |
Concentric rings. Eyes, mouth, sphincter |
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Convergent |
Broad origin, convergong toward single tendon of insertion. Pectoral. |
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Fusiform |
Spindle-shaped. Biceps brachii. |
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Parrallel |
Fascicles rin parallel to lenght of the muscle. Thigh. |
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Multi-pennate |
Looks like many feathers side by side. Deltoid. |
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Bipennate |
Fascicles insert into tendon from opposite side. |
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Unipennate |
Fascicles insert on only 1 side. Extensor digitorum longus of leg. |
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How muscles are named |
Location Shape Size Direction of fascicles # of origins Location of attachment Muscle action |
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First class lever |
Load at one end, effort on the other, Fulcrum in center. Seesaw. Occipital condyles. Head nod. |
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Second class levers |
Effort on one end, fulcrum on the other, load in middle. Wheelbarrow. Tip-toe. |
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Third class levers |
Effort central to load and fulcrum. Tweezers. Flexing forearm. |
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Synergist |
Muscle that aides the action of prime mover |
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Fixator |
Muscle that immobilizes one or more bones, creating a stable base. |
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Agonist |
Muscle that bears major responsibility for a movement. Aka: prime mover. |
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Antagonist |
Muscle that reserves or opposes action of another muscle. |
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3 types of muscle |
Skeletal-striations Cardiac-branching Smooth-spindle shaped (hollow organs) |
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Internal structure of skeletal muscle |
Epimsyium Perimysium Endomysium |
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Epimysium |
Outside the muscle. Surrounds entire muscle. |
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Perimysium |
Surrounds each fascicle |
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Endomysium |
Surrounds each muscle fiber/cell |
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Sarcolemma |
Plasma membrane of muscle cell |
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) |
Cytoplasm of muscle cell-calcium |
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Myofibril |
Fiber of muscle cell |
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A band |
Dark |
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I band |
Light |
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H zone |
Lighter region within A band |
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M line |
Middle of H zone |
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Z line |
Middle of I band |
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Sarcomere |
Myofibril between 2 z lines |
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Myofilaments |
Muscle equivalents of actin and myosin |
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Actin |
Thin filament (horizontal) |
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Myosin |
Thick center bands |
