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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acute glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of capillary loops of renal glomeruli
most common cause post infxn with strep s/s nausea, malaise, flank pain, tea colored urine, hematuria, ha, htn |
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acute pancreatitis
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inflammatory process in which release of pancreatic enzymes results in glandular autodigestion
mild to severe epigastric pain, n/v, fever. diffuse abdominal tenderness to palpation and guarding luq pain |
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acute renal failure
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sudden impairment of renal fxn from hrs to days resulting in acute uremic episode
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ascities
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accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
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ballottment
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palpation technique used to assess a floating mass
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borborygmi
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rumbling or gurgling noises produced by mvmt of gas in alimentary canal
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biliary atresia
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congenital obstruction or absence of some or all of the bile duct system
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cholecystitis
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inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly due to obstruction cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be acute or chronic
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cholelithiasis
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stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when certain substances reach high concentration in bile and produce crystals
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Chronic pancreatitis
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chronic inflam process of pancreas characterized by irreversible morphological changes
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cirrhosis
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diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver tissue into structurally abnormal nodules
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colic
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spasmodic pains in abdomen
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Crohn's disease
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chronic inflam disorder (can affect any part of gi tract) produces ulceration, fibrosis, malabsorption, terminal ileum and colon most common sites.
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diarrhea
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frequent liquid or loose stool <4 weeks in duration
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diverticular disease
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sacklike mucosal outpouchings through colonic muscle
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duodenal ulcer
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chronic circumscribed break in the duondenal mucosa that scars with healing
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fecal incontinence
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inability to control bowel mvmts leading to leakage of stool
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GERD
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backward flow of gastric contents, which are typically acidic back into esophagus
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hemolytic uremic syndrome
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triad of microangiopathic microcytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and uremia
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hepatitis
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inflam of liver characterized by diffuse or patchy hepatocellular necrosis usually due to virus
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hiatel hernia with esophagitis
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part of stomach passes through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm into chest cavity
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hirshsprungs
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primary absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in segment of colon, which interupts intestinal motility
assoc with failure to pass meconium w/i first 24-48 hrs after birth |
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hydronephrosis
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dilation of renal pelvis and calyces due to obstruction of urine flow anywhere from urethral meatus to kidneys
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intussusception
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prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another causes intestinal obstruction
assoc with colic, abd pain, vomiting and currant jelly like stools |
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irritable bowel syndrome
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disorder of intestinal mobility
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lipase
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enzyme that acts on emulsified fats
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meconium ileus
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intestinal obstruction caused by thick impacted meconium in the lower intestine of infants
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meckel diverticulum
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outpouching of the ileum (varies in size from small appendiceal process to a segment of bowel several inches long
usually presents in first 2 years of life with painless rectal bleeding |
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mesentary
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fan shaped fold of peritoneum that anchors small intestine to abdominal wall
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necrotizing entercolitis
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inflam disease of gi mucosa assoc with prematurity and immaturity of GI tract
life threatening s/s distension, vomiting, lethargy, resp distress, hepatomegaly, jaundice, feeding intol, decreased bs |
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neuroblastoma
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solid malignancy of embryonal origin in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.
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nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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spectrum of hepatic disorders not assoc with alcohol, ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
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pepsin
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enzyme that acts to digest proteins
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peristalsis
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muscular contraction that move products of digestion through alimentary canal
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peritoneum
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serous membrane lining abdominal cavity
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primary hepatocellular carcinoma
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frequent arises with cirrhosis, aprox 20-30 years after liver injury or disease onset
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pyelonephritis
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infxn of kidney and renal pelvis
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pyloric stenosis
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hypertrophy of circular muscle of the pylorus leads to obstruction of the pyloric sphincter
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pylorus
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distal section of stomach
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reflux
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backflow caused by relaxation or incompetance of lower esophagus
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renal abscess
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localized infection within the medulla or cortex of kidney
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renal calculi
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stones formed in the pelvis of kidney from physiochemical process assoc with obstruction and infxn in urinary tract
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resonance
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sounds obtained on percussing a part that can vibrate freely
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scaphoid
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abdomen that is concave
suggests a diaphragmatic hernia in newborn |
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straie
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stretch marks
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tympany
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low pitched, resonant, drumlike note obtained by percussing surface of large air-containing space
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volvulus
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twisting of intestine resulting in obstruction
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wilms tumor
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nephroblastoma
intraabdominal tumor of childhood, usually 2-3 yr old |
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what organs lie in the RUQ
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liver
gall bladder pylorus duodenum portion of ascending colon right adrenal |
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What organs lie in the LUQ
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spleen
left lobe of liver stomach body of pancreas left adrenal portion of descending colon |
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what organs lie in RLQ
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cecum
appendix portion of ascending colon lower part of kidney R ovary uterus spermatic cord |
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what organs lie in LLQ
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sigmoid colon
portion of descending colon lower part of kidney L ovary uterus spermatic cord |
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name the 9 quads of abdomen
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rt hypochondriac epigastric left hc
rt lumbar umbilical left lumbar rt iliac hypogastric left iliac |
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order of assessment for abdomen
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inspection
auscultation palpation percussion |
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how often are bs normally heard
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q 10-20 sec
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Where is mcburneys point and what does it assess for
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1/3 away up from iliac crest toward umbilicus on right side
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nocioception
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transmission of pain impulses from site of injury to spinal cord and brain
a-delta-sharp pain c-polymodal- dull chronic pain (nocioceptors located in skin, muscle, connective tissue, abd and pelvic viscera) |
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how is pain felt by newborns
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more sensitive to pain due to inhibitory transmitters are insufficient.
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What are some physiologic indicators of pain
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sweating, incr BP, hr, vomiting, nausea, change in o2 sat (non-verbal cues are grimacing, guarding, moaning, agitation)
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what are the vessels in umbilical cord
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2 arteries, one vein
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Where can the liver be palpated in infants and children
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1-3 cm below right costal margin
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bowel sounds in chest suggest
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diaphragmatic hernia
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how do you percuss for liver span
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start at tympany area over right midclavicular line--proceed to area of dullness percuss upward to dullness to determine lower border. start at lung resonance and go down to dullness for upper border
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Where are these sounds heard
dullness resonance tympany hyperresonance |
1. solid organs
2. lung tissue 3. air filled viscera, stomach and colon 4. base of lungs |
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causes of LUQ pain
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gastric ulcer
ruptured spleen |
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causes of RLQ pain
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appy
cyst |
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causes of periumbilical pain
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early appy
pancreatitis |
