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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inspection of the nasal mucosa of an individual with rhinitis would demonstrate mucosa that is
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bright red and swollen
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When examining the mouth and throat, you ask the individual to stick out the tongue. Your observation of the tongue notes the presence of a fine tremor that accompanies what condition?
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hyperthyroidism
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What question would you ask to determine whether an individual has epistaxis?
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Do you experience nose bleeds?
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An enlarged tongue (macroglossia) may accompany what condition?
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Down sydrome
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In addition to initiating digestion of food, saliva also does what?
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cleans and protects the mucosa
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One of the purposes of the paranasal sinuses is to..
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lighten the weight of the skull bones
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The parotid gland's duct that opens into the mouth opposite the second molar is
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Stenson's duct
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What pairs of sinuses is absent at birth, is fairly well developed between 7 and 8 years of age, and is fully developed after puberty?
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frontal
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Under normal conditions, transillumination of the sinuses would produce a..
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diffuse red glow
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Mr. Winchett is a 48-year-old gentleman who comes to your office with complaints of sores on his tongue. As the health care provider, you know that the structure of the tongue is a mass of striated muscle in a crosswise pattern that is used to
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change shape and position
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In addition to initiating digestion of food, saliva also
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cleans and protects the mucosa
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Deciduous teeth in children are known as
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temporary
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Mrs. Coleman is a 28-year-old patient who is in her second trimester of pregnancy. She comes to the clinic with complaints of stuffiness and epistaxis. This is due to:
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increased vascularity of the upper respiratory tract
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A cleft palate and lip are least common in what ethnic/cultural groups?
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blacks
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Ms. Tova is a 32-year-old patient who comes to your office with complaints of seasonal allergies. What question would you ask to determine if she is experiencing epistaxis?
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"Do you experience nose bleeds?"
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The two pairs of sinuses that are deep, small, and inaccessible for examination are the
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ethmoid and sphenoid.
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Mr. Glover is a 69-year-old patient who comes to the office for a routine examination. When evaluating an older patient, you should determine whether medications are being taken for depression and high blood pressure. What condition is frequently associated with older adults taking these medications?
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dry mouth
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Mr. Grainger is a 39-year-old gentleman who comes to the clinic with complaints of seasonal allergies. On examination of the tongue, what is an expected finding and does not require further follow-up?
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A thin, white coating over the surface of the tongue
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Mrs. Harris is a 45-year-old woman who comes to the office complaining of mouth sores. During your examination of the buccal mucosa, you note the presence of small, yellow-white papules on the cheek and tongue that may be identified as:
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Fordyce's granules
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Mr. Yates is a 16-year-old patient who comes to the office complaining of a sore throat. On examination, you note that the tonsils are enlarged to the point that they are about halfway between the tonsillar pillars and the uvula. These tonsils would be graded as:
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2+
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When examining the mouth and throat, you ask the individual to stick out the tongue. Your observation of the tongue notes the presence of a fine tremor that accompanies what condition?
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hyperthyroidism
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Mrs. Bowers brings her 8-year-old son in for a routine physical examination. During the exam, you note a transverse ridge across his nose. This is often a sign that the child may be experiencing:
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allergies
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A pregnant female may present with what alterations in the oral cavity?
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gum hypertrophy
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Mrs. Jones is a 69-year-old patient who comes to the clinic. During your examination, you keep in mind that the process of bone resorption in older adults predisposes them to what condition?
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loosening of the teeth
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The olfactory receptors located in the roof of the nasal cavity function to:
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transmit the sensations of smell to CN I
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One of the purposes of the paranasal sinuses is to:
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lighten the weight of the skull bones
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The tongue's ability to change shape and position enhances its function in what way?
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mastication and swallowing of food
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Temporary teeth in the infant and child are identified as:
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deciduous
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When comparing a child's mouth with that of an adult, what would you expect to observe?
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a total of 20 teeth instead of 32
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Drooling in an infant is due to what?
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initiation of salivation by the salivary ducts
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During the history portion of the examination of an 8-year-old child, you notice that, for most of the time, the child was sucking his thumb. You know that prolonged thumb-sucking in a child can lead to:
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malocclusion
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Mrs. Walker is a 54 -year-old patient who comes to the office for a routine examination. When you palpate over the maxillary sinus area, she indicates a sensation of discomfort during the procedure. This response might indicate the presence of:
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sinusitis
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Under normal conditions, transillumination of the sinuses would produce a
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diffuse red glow
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During examination of the buccal mucosa, you observe a chalky white, raised patch with well-defined borders. What indicates an appropriate response to this observation?
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these patches are precancerous and should be followed up
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An individual who has come into the clinic is complaining of a sore throat. On examination, you note that the tonsils are close to touching the uvula. What is the correct way to grade these tonsils?
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3+
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Along the hard palate and on the gums of a newborn infant, you notice small, yellow-white, glistening papules. These are identified as:
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Epstein's pearls
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The rich blood supply to the nasal mucosa performs what function?
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Warms inhaled air
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does a newborn breathe out of its mouth or its nose?
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nose
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nasal flaring in the infant indicates what?
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respiratory distress
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what is the suckering tubercle in the infant?
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a small pad in the middle of the upper lip from friction of breast or bottle feeding
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normally, there are 20 teeth present by what age?
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2.5 years
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saliva is present by what age?
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3 months
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what is bednar apthae?
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traumatic areas or ulcers on the posterior hard plate on either side of the midline
result from abrasions while sucking |
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are tonsils visible in the newborn?
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no
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sucking can be elicited in infants up to what age?
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12 months
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what nerve controls sense of smell?
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CN I
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how does the nasal cavity normally appear?
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red, smooth, moist
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polyps usually appear
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smooth
pale gray avascular mobile nontender |
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healthy sinuses ?do/do not? contain air?
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do
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cheilitis/perleche
is what? |
cracking at the corners of the mouth
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poor biting relationship, protrusion of upper and lower incisors
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malocclusion
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dappled brown patches on the buccal mucosa are present with what abnormal condition?
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Addison's disease
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the opening of the parotid salivary gland
is called what? |
Stensen's duct
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Koplik's spots
are early prodromal signs of what? |
measles
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benign grayish opaque area on the buccal mucosa
is called what? is more common in what groups of people? |
leukodema
blacks and East Indians |
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chaulky white raised patch on the buccal mucosa
is known as what? |
leukoplakia
(abnormal) |
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the nodular bony ridge down the middle of the hard palate
is called what? |
torus palatines
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the most common early lesion in people with AIDS is what?
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Oral Kaposi's sarcoma
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hard palate appears what color with jaundice?
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yellow
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bifid uvula is common in what group of people?
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Native American
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visible tonsils
are classified how? |
1+
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tonsils halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
are classified how? |
2+
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tonsils touching the uvula
are classified how? |
3+
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tonsils touching each other
are classified how? |
4+
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tonsils at what classification occur with an acute infection?
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2+, 3+, 4+
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what nerves control the gag reflex?
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IX (9), X (10)
glossopharyngeal and vagus |
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what nerve causes a midline tongue?
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CN XII (12)
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CN XII is also known as?
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the hypoglossal nerve
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what is halitosis?
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breath odor
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diabetic ketoacidosis
has what kind of breath odor? |
sweet, fruity
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ammonia
has what kind of breath odor? |
uremia
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liver disease
has what kind of breath odor? |
musty
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dental or respiratory infections
have what kind of breath odor? |
foul, fetid
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alcohol ingestion or chemical
has what kind of breath odor? |
alcohol
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diphtheria
has what kind of breath odor? |
mouse-like
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choanal atresia
symptoms |
bony or membranous septum between the nasal cavity and the pharynx
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what causes choanal atresia?
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abnormal septum
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epistaxis
symptoms |
nosebleed
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what is the most common site of a nosebleed?
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Kiesselbach's plexus
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furuncle
symptoms |
small boil located in the skin or mucous membrane
red and swollen, painful |
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acute rhinitis
symptoms |
clear, watery discharge (later purulent)
sneezing dark red, swollen turbinates |
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allergic rhinitis
symptoms |
rhinorrhea
itching of the nose/eyes lacrimation pale, smooth, glistening turbinates |
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sinusitis
symptoms |
facial pain
red swollen nasal mucosa, swollen turbinates, purulent discharge fever, chills, malaise |
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with maxillary sinusitis, where is the pain located?
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cheeks and teeth on the same side
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with frontal sinusitis, where is the pain located?
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above the supraorbital ridge
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nasal polyps
causes |
overgrowth of mucosa
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where is a common site for nasal polyps
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middle meatus
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nasal polyps
symptoms |
absence of a sense of smell
a "valve that moves" in the nose when the person breathes |
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carcinoma
symptoms |
gray white, nontender
bloody unilateral discharge |
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cleft lip is highest in what groups of people?
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American Indian
Japanese |
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Herpes Simplex I
symptoms |
cold sores
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Herpes Simplex I effects what % of adult population?
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50%
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angular cheilitis
symptoms |
stomatitis, perleche
erythema, scaling, shallow and painful fissures at the corners of the mouth |
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angular cheilitis
causes |
excessive salivation
Candida infections |
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retention cyst
mucocele symptoms |
round, well-defined translucent nodule
pocket of mucus that forms when a dict of a minor salivary gland ruptures |
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epulis
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nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum
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epulis
cause |
inflammatory response to injury or hemorrhage
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gingival hyperplasia
symptoms |
painless enlargement of the gums
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gingival hyperplasia
causes |
puberty
pregnancy leukemia long therapetuic use of phyntoin |
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gingivitis
symptoms |
red, swollen, bleed easily
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gingivitis
causes |
poor dental hygiene
vitamin C deficiency pregnancy & puberty |
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aphthous ulcers
symptoms |
caker sore
vesicle then a small round PUNCHED OUT ulcer with white base surrounded by red halo |
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aphthous ulcers
present in what % of the population? |
20-60%
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Koplik's spots
symptoms |
small blue-white spots
irregular halo scattered over mucosa opposite the molars |
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chalky white, thick, raised patch
well defined borders lesion is firmly attached & does not scrape off |
Leukoplakia
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white, cheesy curdlike patch on buccal mucosa and tongue
scrapes off, leaving raw, red surface that bleeds "thrush" |
candidiasis
monial infection |
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candidiasis
causes |
antibiotics, corticosteroids
immunosuppressed prsons |
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ankyloglossia
symptoms |
short lingual frenulum
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fissures/scrotal tongue
symptoms |
deep furrows divide the papillae into small irregular rows
vertical/longitudinal fissures |
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fissures/scrotal tongue
causes |
dehydration
Down Syndrome aging |
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geographic tongue/migratory glossitis
symptoms |
normal coating interspersed with bright, red, shiny, circular bald areas with raised pearly borders
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geographic tongue/migratory glossitis
causes |
unknown
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smooth, glossy tongue
causes |
vitamin B12 deficiency
folic acid deficiency iron deficiency |
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black hairy tongue
causes |
antibiotic use
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enlarged tongue/macroglossia
causes |
Down syndrome
Cretinism Myxedema Acromegaly |
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ulcer with rolled edges
indurated occurs particularly at the sides, base, under tongue |
carcinoma
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bruiselike, dark red or violet, confluent macule
usually occurs on the hard palate |
Oral Kaposi's sarcoma
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bright red throat
swollen tonsils white/yellow exudate on tonsils and pharynx swollen uvula |
acute tonsillitis
pharyngitis |
