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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antidote for
Acetaminophen |
N-acetylcysteine
(NAC) |
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Antidote for
Anticholinergics |
Physostigmine
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Antidote for
Benzodiazepines |
Flumazenil
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Antidote for
Beta blockers |
Glucagon & Calcium
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Antidote for
Carbon monoxide |
Oxygen
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Antidote for
Cyanide |
Amyl nitrate
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Antidote for
Digoxin |
Anti-digoxin Fab antibody
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Antidote for
Ethylene glycol |
Ethanol
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What is the action of
Penicillins & Cephalosporins? |
Inhibit peptide cell wall synthesis
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What is the action of
Aminoglycosides? |
Inhibit initiation of translation
Target - GRAM Negative Aerobic |
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What is the MOA of
Vancomycin? |
Inhibits phospholipid plasma membrane synthesis and peptidoglycan polymerization
inhibits cell membrane and cell wall synthesis |
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What is the DOC for
MRSA? |
Vancomycin
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What is the MOA of
Quinolones? |
Inhibit topoisomerase
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What is the MOA of
Chloramphenicol? |
inhibits peptidyl transferase
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What is the MOA of
Macrolides? |
Inhibits protein synthesis
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What is MOA of
Tetracyclines? |
Inhibit tRNA binding --> inhibiting protein synthesis
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What is the MOA of
Sulfonamides? |
Inhibit folate synthesis
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What is the MOA of
Trimethoprim? |
Inhibit folate use
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DOC for Empiric treatment of
Osteomyelitis |
<4 mo: (Nafcillin or Oxacillin) & (Ceftazidime or cefepime)
All others: Nafcillin or Oxacillin |
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DOC for Empiric treatment of
Any encephalitis |
Acyclovir until CSF PCR returns; if (+) HSV continue
if (-) HSV, d/c & change to specific drug for etiologic agent |
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DOC for Empiric treatment of
Meningitis |
Neonate: ampicillin & cefotaxime
Child or Adult: Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime & dexamethasone & vancomycin > 50 yo, or alcoholic, with severe co-morbidity: ceftriazone or cefotaxime & dexamethasone & vancomycin & ampicillin |
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DOC for Empiric treatment of
Meningitis prophylaxis |
if H.influ: rifampin
if N.meningitidis: rifampin (preferred) or ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin |
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DOC for Empiric treatment of
Otitis externa |
ofloxacin drops or (polymyxin & neomycin & hydrocortisone drops) or (cipro & hydrocortisone drops)
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DOC for Empiric treatment of
Otitis media |
Amoxicillin if < 2 yo
(if > 2yo, afebrile w/o pain, give analgesics) |
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DOC for Empiric treatment of
Conjunctivits (non-neonatal) |
Viral: nothing or chilled artificial tears
Bacterial (non-G or C): Fluoroquinolones by drops |
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What is the antidote for
Heparin? |
Protamine
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What is the antidote for
Iron? |
Deferoxamine
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What is the antidote for
Isoniazid? |
Pyridoxine
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What is the antidote for
Lead? |
EDTA or BAL
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What is the antidote for
Methanol? |
Ethanol
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What is the antidote for
Opioids? |
Naloxone
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What is the antidote for
Warfarin? |
Vitamin K
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What is the antidote for
Organophosphates? |
Atropine or Pralidoxime
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How does a pt with anticholinergic overdose present?
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"Dry as a bone, Mad as a hatter, Blind as a bat, Hot as a hare"
anhidrosis, fever, delirium, mydriasis |
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How does a pt with opiate overdose present?
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MORPHINE
M - miosis O - out of it R - respiratory depression P - pneumonia (aspiration) H - hypotension I - infrequency N - nausea E - emesis |
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How does a pt with cholinergic overdose present?
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SLUDGE
S - salvation L - lacrimation U - urination D - defecation G - GI upset E - emesis |
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What is the problem with using AGs and Loops?
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Ototoxicity
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Who are fluoroquinolones contraindicated in?
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< 16 yo
affect joint cartilage >60 yo increased risk of tendinopathy --> tendon rupture |
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What is a major cardiac side effect of FQs?
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Prolonged QT
risk for Torsade de pointe |
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DOC for empiric tx of
Conjunctivitis - neonatal |
>1 d: nothing
2-4 d: IV ceftriaxone (likely N. gonorrheae) 3-10 d: PO erythromycin (likely Chlamydia trachomatis) 2-16 d w/ dendritic corneal ulcer: trifluridine drops and IV acyclovir (likely HSV) prophylactically against opthalmia neonatorum: tetracycline ointment OR erythromycin ointment |
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What is the antidote for
Opioids? |
Naloxone
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What is the antidote for
Warfarin? |
Vitamin K
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What is the antidote for
Organophosphates? |
Atropine or Pralidoxime
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How does a pt with anticholinergic overdose present?
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"Dry as a bone, Mad as a hatter, Blind as a bat, Hot as a hare"
anhidrosis, fever, delirium, mydriasis |
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How does a pt with opiate overdose present?
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MORPHINE
M - miosis O - out of it R - respiratory depression P - pneumonia (aspiration) H - hypotension I - infrequency N - nausea E - emesis |
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How does a pt with cholinergic overdose present?
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SLUDGE
S - salvation L - lacrimation U - urination D - defecation G - GI upset E - emesis |
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What is the problem with using AGs and Loops?
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Ototoxicity
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Who are fluoroquinolones contraindicated in?
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< 16 yo
affect joint cartilage >60 yo increased risk of tendinopathy --> tendon rupture |
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What is a major cardiac side effect of FQs?
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Prolonged QT
risk for Torsade de pointe |
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DOC for empiric tx of
Conjunctivitis - neonatal |
>1 d: nothing
2-4 d: IV ceftriaxone (likely N. gonorrheae) 3-10 d: PO erythromycin (likely Chlamydia trachomatis) 2-16 d w/ dendritic corneal ulcer: trifluridine drops and IV acyclovir (likely HSV) prophylactically against opthalmia neonatorum: tetracycline ointment OR erythromycin ointment |
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DOC for empiric tx of
Diarrhea in premature baby |
(piperacillin & tazobactam) OR (ampicillin & sulbactam)
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DOC for empiric tx of
Diarrhea from post-ATb use |
Metronidazole
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DOC for empiric tx of
travelers diarrhea |
Fluoroquinolones or rifaximin
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DOC for empiric tx
diarrhea prophylaxis during travel |
fluoroquinolones, then imodium w/ first loose stool
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DOC for empiric tx of
mild-moderate diarrhea |
fluids & lactose- and caffeine-free diet
(add anti-diarrhea agent if >/= 4 unformed stools/day) |
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DOC for empiric tx of
Severe diarrhea |
Cipro or Levo
(kids: tmp/smx) & metronidazole & (fluids and lactose- and caffeine-free diet) |
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DOC for empiric tx of
Acute bronchitis |
antitussive +/- inhaled beta-2 agonists
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DOC for empiric tx of
Anthrax prophylaxis (post-exposure) |
Cipro (even in kids)
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DOC for empiric tx of
Pneumonia (hospitalized, CAP) |
< 1mo: Ampicillin & gentamicin +/- cefotaxime (+ vanco if MRSA)
1-3 mo: erythromycin or azithromycin (& cefotaxime if febrile) 5-18 yo: ceftriaxone & azithromycin +/- vanco > 18 yo: (ceftriaxone or ertapenem) & azithromycin |
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DOC for empiric tx of
Prostatitis |
< 35 yo: ceftriazone or cefixime then doxycycline
> 35 yo: any FQ or TMP-SMX |
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DOC for empiric tx of
Sepsis |
< 1 wo: ampicillin & cefotaxime
> 1 wo: (ampicillin & cefotaxime) or (amp & ceftriaxone) child: (vanco & either cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) adult: (any carbapenem) & vanco adult w/ fever: ATb for specific organism & fluids & NE & low dose steroids & blood glucose control +/- activated protein C |
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DOC for empiric tx of
UTI |
outpt: TMP-SMX (if allergic - nirtrofurantoin)
inpt: cipro or levo pregnant: nitrofurantoin |
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DOC for empiric tx of
human or animal bite |
ampicillin-clavulanic acid & consider anti-rabies prophylaxis
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DOC
Bacillus cereus |
Vancomycin or Clindamycin
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DOC
Borrelia burgdorferi |
Doxycycline
(alt: erythromycin) |
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DOC
Campylobacter jejuni |
1st line: erythromycin
(alt: any FQ) |
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DOC
Candida spp. |
Miconazole (skin/vaginal)
Fluconazole (systemic) |
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DOC
Chlamydia trachomatis |
Doxycycline
(alt: azithromycin - < 8yo, preg) |
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DOC
C. Difficile |
Metronidazole
(alt: Vanco) |
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DOC
Corynebacterium diphtheria |
Erythromycin
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DOC
Gardnerella vaginalis |
Metronidazole
(alt: tinidazole) |
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DOC
Hemophilus ducreyi |
Azithromycin or ceftriaxone
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DOC
H. influenzae |
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
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DOC
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Azithromycin
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DOC
N. gonorrheae |
Ceftriaxone
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DOC
N. meningitidis |
Pen G
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DOC
Bacillus anthracis |
Penicillin
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DOC
Listeria monocytogenes |
Ampicillin
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DOC
Pasteurella multocida |
Penicillin family drugs
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DOC
Salmonella typhi |
Ceftriazone or any quinolone
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DOC
Shigella spp. |
Azithromycin or any quinolone (alt: TMP-SMX & ampicillin)
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DOC
Treponema pallidum |
Pen G
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DOC
Trichomonas vaginalis |
Metronidazole
(alt: tinidazole) |
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DOC
Staph aureus |
Oxacillin or nafcillin
dicloxacillin if on skin vanco if MRSA |
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DOC
Strep pyogenes |
Pen G or V
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DOC
Genital warts |
Podophyllin resin or cryotherapy or trichloroacetic acid
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DOC
Grp B Strep in pregnant females |
Pen G (during labor)
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DOC
Staph saprophyticus |
Any cephalosporin or ampicillin-clavulanic acid
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DOC
Strep pneumoniae |
Pen G
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DOC
Vibrio cholerae |
Doxy or any FQ
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DOC
Giardia lamblia |
Tinidazole or nitazoxanide
(alt: metronidazole) |
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DOC
Entamoeba histolytica |
Metronidazole or tinidazole
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DOC
Ascaris lumbricoides |
Albendazole or mebendazole
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DOC
Enterobius vermicularis |
Mebendazole
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DOC
Necator americanus |
Albendazole or mebendazole
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DOC
Trichinella spiralis |
Albendazole & prednisone
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DOC
Schistosoma spp. |
Praziquantel
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DOC
Diphyllobothrium latum |
Praziquantel
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DOC
Adenovirus (severe) |
Cidofovir & probenecid
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DOC
Influenza A (seasonal) |
Zanamivir
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DOC
Influenza B and avian (H5N1) |
Oseltamivir or zanamivir
(H1N1: oseltamivir) |
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DOC
Measles |
Vitamin A (kids) or ribavirin (adults)
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DOC
Smallpox |
smallpox vaccine (w/i 4 days of exposure) & cidofovir
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