Aspects Of Cancer

Front 1

Aspects of Cancer
What are the main differences in the characteristics of benign and cancerous (malignant) tumors?

Back 1

?

Front 2

Aspects of Cancer
What are 3 general ways in which cancer can be induced?

Back 2

1) Chemical carcinogens
2) Irradiation by x-rays
3) Viruses

Front 3

Aspects of Cancer
Name 5 chemical carcinogens?

Back 3

1) Alkylating agents
2) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
3) Aromatic amines
4) Nitrosamines
5) Naturally occurring compounds such as aflatoxin B1
6) Inorganic material

Front 4

Aspects of Cancer
What are direct, pro-, proximate and ultimate carcinogens? Initiators and promoters?

Back 4

Direct - Nitrogen mustard compounds which act directly on a target molecule.
Pro - Must be activates by prior metabolism to become carcinogenic.
Ultimate - Final compound of procarcinogens.
Initiation - DNA is modified producing a mutation
Promoter - Carry the process to produce malignant tumors

Front 5

Aspects of Cancer
What are point, insertion/deletion mutations and what is the Ames test?

Back 5

Point - Translations andTransversions One base pair replaces another.
Insertion/Deletion - One or more base pair is inserted into or removed from DNA.

Ames test - Test based on mutagenesis to screen for possible carcinogenic compounds

Front 6

Aspects of Cancer
Approximately what percentage of cancers are caused by viruses and chemical carcinogens?

Back 6

Viruses - 15%
Chemical - 80%

Front 7

Aspects of Cancer
What are 4 major human turmor viruses, and what types of cancer do they induce?

Back 7

?

Front 8

Aspects of Cancer
What are the 4 genes on the Rous Sarcoma virus, and what do they code for?

Back 8

1) Gag - core protein
2) Pol - reverse transcriptase
3) Env - envelope pattern
4) V-src for viral stimulate cell proliferation