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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are formal inspections? |
Thorough and systematic inspections (periodic, intermittent or planned.) |
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What are informal inspections? |
Part of a supervisor's or worker's routine. (Often not recorded.) |
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The most important part of an inspection report is follow-up. What are 4 rules regarding follow-up? |
1) If possible, immediately correct the cause of the problem. 2) Report to a supervisor. 3) Inform management of condition and suggest solutions. 4) Take immediate action. Use temporary measures to isolate hazard, such as roping off an area, lockout/tagout and posting warnings. |
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List advantages of computerized record keeping |
-better availability of data -eliminate duplication -improved communications -improved accuracy and analytical capabilities -reduced cost |
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What is the purpose of an incident report? |
To obtain accurate, objective information about the causes of incidents in order to prevent incidents from reoccurring. |
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What are descriptive statistics? |
Simple summaries about the sample and about the observations that have been made. (Ex: GPA describes performance of a student or the shooting average of a basketball player.) |
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Mean |
The average of a sample |
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Median |
Numerical point separating the upper half of the data sample and the lower half |
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Standard Deviation |
The status of a selection of data. (Ex: Low standard deviation means data points are close to mean; high standard deviation means that the data points are spread out over a large range of values. |
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Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) What are they and who developed them? |
TLVs were developed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). A guideline for levels of airborne concentrations of toxic substances that workers may be exposed to in their workplaces. (Remember: these are guidelines ONLY.) |
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What are 3 types of Threshold Value Limits? |
1) Time Weighted Average (TWA) 2) Short-term Exposure Limit (STEL) 3) Ceiling Limit (C) |
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TWA |
Time Weighted Average. The average exposure on the basis of a day/week work schedule.
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STEL |
Short-term Exposure Limit. Spot exposure for a duration of 15 minutes. |
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Ceiling Limit |
The absolute exposure limit that should not be exceeded at any time. |
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What is an assessment rate/premium? (With the WCB) |
WCB is funded by employers who are charged a certain dollar amount per dollar of payroll. |
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What is the WCB fund used for? |
-providing wage loss benefits to workers injured on the job. -medical aid and rehabilitation to injured workers. -general administration of the WCB. -Incident prevention activities. |
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What is the difference between a hazard analysis and a risk analysis? |
A hazard analysis identifies and evaluates hazards in order to eliminate or control them. A risk analysis identifies the hazards, but also analyses the risks inherent to each job. |
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Job Task Analysis (JTA)/Job Safety Analysis (JSA) |
Each task is analyzed and broken down into parts. Jobs with the highest injury frequency and with a number of steps should be analyzed first. |
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What is a risk matrix? |
A risk assessment tool used to determine level of risk using probability of incident and severity of incident. |
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Which types of jobs should be analyzed first in a JSA (Job Safety Analysis)? |
-injury frequency -disabling injuries -severity potential -new process |
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What does ALARA mean? |
As Low As Reasonably Achievable. (Doing the best to eliminate risks through administrative controls and engineering controls.) |
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In the decision tree theory, what is the difference between a positive tree and a fault tree? |
A Positive tree show requirements for success; a list of "should do" items. A fault tree charts things that can go wrong to produce a specific failure. (We use decision trees to find hazards and develop controls.) |
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What does MORT stand for? |
Management Oversight and Risk Tree. |
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What are the three branches of the MORT tree? (Management Oversight and Risk Tree) |
1st Branch- specific oversights/omissions at the site. 2nd Branch- Management system establishing policies that make a system go. 3rd Branch- Assumes risk and establishes risk management functions. |
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Which management system used the "Plan, Do, Check, Act." model? |
The ISO Continual Improvement Model. (International Organization of Standardization) |
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What are the 5 elements of the ISO Continual Improvement model? |
1) Management leadership and employee participation. 2) Plan (risk assessment and prioritization) 3) Do (implementation and operation) 4) Check (evaluate and corrective action) 5) Act (management review) |
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What needs to be done on a construction site in regards to structural steel? |
There needs to be a designated, signed area for loading and storing steel beams and columns. |
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What needs to be done on a construction site in regards to form work and false work? |
-Any form work plan must be designed or approved by a professional engineer. -There needs to be blueprints on site. -No attempt should be made to re-shore damaged, weakened or displaced form work while concrete is in fluid state, as the risk of collapse is high. |
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What needs to be done on a construction site in regards to excavations? |
-Excavations must be sloped to an angle of repose--usually 1' slope for every 1' vertical in stable soil conditions. -Where sloping is not an option, trench shoring is mandatory. A professional engineer must design and stamp all manufactured systems. -All wood shoring must comply with construction grade lumber. |
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What are the 6 Hierarchy of Controls? |
1) Eliminate hazard 2) Substitute hazard 3) Incorporate Safety Devices 4) Provide Warning Systems 5) Administrative Controls 6) PPE |
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What does CSA stand for? |
Canadian Standards Association |
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What does NIOSH stand for? |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (USA) |
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What does GHS stand for? |
Global Harmonization System. (The global system which is replacing the current WHMIS in Canada and the U.S.)
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What does WHMIS stand for? |
Workplace Hazardous Material Information System. This is Canada's hazard communications standard under the Federal Hazardous Products Act and the Controlled Products Regulations. |
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What are the differences between WHMIS and GHS? |
GHS: -the criteria is more comprehensive and detailed -addresses hazards not in WHMIS (ex: specific target organ toxicity, single exposure and aspiration hazard.) -uses specific and standardized language to convey hazard information. -some of the GHS pictograms are more easily understood. -information that employees and emergency responders need most appear in the beginning of the doc. |
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What is the Canadian Nuclear Safety and Control Act? |
Legislation in regards to radiation. (The objective of a radiation control program is to reduce unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation.) |
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What are some examples of incompatible materials (hazardous substances) that should NOT be stored together? |
1) Acids and Bases 2) Flammable materials and oxidizers 3) Water reactive and solutions with water |
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Safeguarding |
Preventing or controlling workers from coming in contact with the moving parts of machinery or equipment. |
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Device |
A control designed for safeguarding at the point of operation. Devices include pressure-sensing, movable barrier, holdback or restraint, pull-back (out), two hand trip, two hand control and light barriers. |
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Guard |
A barrier designed for hazard control at the point of operation as well as the power transmission. Guards include die enclosures, fixed barrier, interlocked barrier, and adjustable barriers. |
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Enclosure |
Fixed barriers mounted on or around the machine to prevent access to the moving parts. |
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Fencing |
Locked fence or rail enclosure that restricts access to a machine to authorized workers. |
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Point of operation |
Area of a machine where material is positioned for processing or where work is performed on the material. |
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Power transmition |
Includes all mechanical parts--gears, camshafts, pulleys, belts, clutches, brakes and rods that transmit energy and motions from a source of power to equipment or a machine. |
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Shear point |
A hazardous area created by the cutting movement of a mechanical part past a stationary point on a machine. |
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What two standards associations does the SCC (Standards Council of Canada) accept as certification for electrical equipment? |
1) CSA (Canada standards association). The equipment must be marked with a "CSA" monogram. 2) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. The equipment must be marked with a "cUL" monogram. (The "c" signifies that the equipment is certified to the U.S. UL with the CSA safety standards. |
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Current |
A current is like a volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given length of time. |
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What is current measured in? |
Amperes or amps. (The measurement used in referring to electric shock is milliampere-- mA is 0.001 amp) |
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Circuit |
A circuit is current flowing through a complete path from the source and back is a complete circuit. If the path is not complete the circuit is "open". |
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Voltage |
Voltage is like the pressure in a pipeline. Voltage is necessary to provide current flow. |
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Resistance |
Resistance is like a partial blockage or friction in the pipe. The friction will cause heat in the circuit; if too much resistance is present, the flow of electricity will stop (a fuse or circuit breaker will blow.) |
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What is resistance measured in? |
Ohms. |
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Watt |
Watt is the quantity of electricity that is used or consumed. |
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What is the equation to determine how many watts of electricity? |
Volts (v) X Amps (I) = Watts Remember: voltage is the pressure and watts is what current is measured in. |
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Electric Shock. What is the severity with these amounts of current? 1) 1-2 milliamps 2) 3-8 milliamps 3) 10-12 milliamps |
1) 1-2 milliamps = threshold of sensation 2) 3-8 milliamps = mild to painful 3) 10-12 milliamps = cannot release conductor due to muscle cramps |
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What is considered low voltage? |
600 volts or less. (Remember voltage is the pressure of current.) |
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What is a Ground-fault circuit interrupter? |
A fast acting device that is sensitive to very low levels of electrical current flow to the ground. |
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List some electrical injuries. |
Internal: asphyxiation, contraction of heart muscles and hemorrhages and destructive tissue burns along the path of the current. External: skin and eye, burns, falls (because of muscle contraction.) |
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What causes static electricity? |
When there is a difference in electrical potential between two bodies and a spark can occur because no electrical path exists between them. (Grounding and bonding controls static electricity during fluid transfer.) |
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How can you control a high static charge? |
-reduce the flow rate of the transfer. -reduce splashing by ensuring transfer pipe reaches the bottom of the receiving tank. -some plastic containers don't allow static charge to dissipate, so only use containers approved by cUL to transfer flammable liquids. |
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Where should the maximum load capacity be displayed on a hoisting apparatus? |
On the body of the machine, hoist, hook, block or controls. It MUST be visible from the floor. |
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When should natural fibre rope and synthetic rope be removed from service? |
Natural fibre rope should be removed when it has loaded more than 50% of its breaking strength. Synthetic rope should be removed when it has loaded more than 65% of its breaking strength. |
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What does the "square within a square" mean on a double insulated tool? |
The unit's switch and gripping surface is non-conducive and requires no further grounding. |
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What is "white finger disease"? |
Reynaud's syndrome. It is reduced blood flow causing your fingers to feel numb and cold. It can be caused by vibration--like using a chainsaw. |
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What are some hazard controls for grinding machines? |
Abrasive wheels should be enclosed as closely as possible by guarding, well maintained, balanced and dressed on a regular basis, stored in dry locations and not subjected to freezing or thawing. |
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What are some health effects that may affect welders exposed to gases, vapours, fumes and particulates? |
-chemical pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs) -pulmonary oedema (swelling and accumulation of fluid in lungs) -emphysema -chronic bronchitis -asphyxiation |
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Per welder, how much outside air is recommended for general ventilation? |
2000 cubic feet/minute (per welder) |
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What sort of head PPE should welders/welder's helpers wear? |
-goggles, helmets and shields with maximum eye protection. |
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What does the term "zero energy state" or "energy isolation" mean? |
Machines with ALL energy sources neutralized. Types of energy include electrical, pneumatic, steam, hydraulic, chemical, gravity and thermal. |
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What is potential energy? |
Stored or residual energy. Potential energy must be dissipated or restrained by grounding, blocking or bleeding down. Examples of stored energy: capacitors, springs, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems, air, gas, steam or water pressure. |
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What information needs to be on a lockout tag? |
-"DO NOT OPERATE" (or something to that effect) -name of person who placed the tag -the date -the reason NOTE: If a group of workers are locking out a piece of equipment, EACH worker shall have an individual lock to apply to the group locking device. |
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What is a "remote start"? |
A remote start is when any machine, system or process can be put into operation without the operator having visual contact with workers in the vicinity of the operation. |
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What is the CSA Z1006 Standard? |
This standard is for confined spaces. It includes standards for confined space management programs, roles and responsibilities, hazard identification, procedures, emergency plans, training, PPE... etc. |
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Does confined space legislation differ across Canada depending on the jurisdiction? |
YES. A CRSP must use the legislation from the appropriate jurisdiction. |
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What is a passive fall arrest system? |
A system which consists of components and systems, such as nets, that do not require any action on the part of the worker. |
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What is an active fall arrest system? |
A system that requires manipulation by the worker in order to work. Ex: Full body harness, lanyards with shock absorbers as well as component parts such as rope-grabbing devices, lifelines and self-retracting lifelines. |
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If a ladder is being used for anything other than climbing up it or climbing down, then what forms of protection does the worker need? |
Either fall protection or a platform ladder should be considered. |
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What are two safety devices that can be used with a fixed ladder? |
Cage guards or a device that allows a worker to attach a body harness via a D ring to a sleeve that travels along a rail or cable anchored to the ladder. |
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Where should a worker tie off when building a scaffold? |
Either to the adjacent structure where possible or to a completed, fully protected scaffold platform. |
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Do workers need fall protection on scaffolding that is completed? |
No. As long as the scaffolding has a fully covered floor, toe boards, guard railings and cross braces. |
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When does an aluminum tube scaffold need outriggers? |
When the height of the platform exceeds 3X the least lateral dimension of the end frame. |
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When should a worker tie-off on a scaffold? |
When a platform exceeds 3X the least lateral dimension of an end frame. |
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What set of standards was developed in Canada to streamline various biosafety practices into a single set of Canadian standards and guidelines. |
Canadian Biosafety Standards and Guidelines (CBSG) 1st Edition 2013 The CBSG is divided into two parts: The Standards and The Guidelines |
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Biological labs work with specific biological agents. The hazards are rated as biosafety levels on a scale of one to four. What does one signify and what does four signify? |
Biosafety level 1: an agent not known to cause illness in healthy humans Biosafety level 4: an agent that can be transmitted from person to person with no known cure. |
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Where radiation is an issue, what are some of the standard requirements? |
-dose limits for workers and members of the public -monitoring and labeling radioactive materials -use or wear protective equipment -posting radiation areas -reporting the theft or loss of radioactive material |
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What is non-destructive testing? (with metal) |
Often visual testing, even with magnification, cannot locate small defects. Non-destructive testing reveals these defects without damaging the parts being tested.
Ex: magnetic particle inspection, penetrant inspection, ultrasonic methods, triboelectric method, electromagnetic tests, radiography. |
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What are autoclaves? |
Autoclaves are used to steam-sterilize equipment/materials that are potentially contaminated. PPE includes eye protection, heat-resistant gloves and aprons worn when loading/unloading a hot autoclave. |
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Flammable |
Any solid, liquid, vapour, or gas material that will ignite easily and burn rapidly. |
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Flash Point |
The temperature at which a liquid (or volatile solid) gives off vapours that will ignite when exposed to an ignition source. |
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What is the flash point of a flammable chemical in liquid form? |
Less than 100 degrees F (37.7 degrees C) |
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Combustible |
Solids that are difficult to ignite and burn relatively slowly and liquids that have a flash point between 100 and 200 degrees F (or 37.7 and 93.3 degrees C). |
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Toxic |
A substance that can cause damage to living tissue, impairment of the central nervous system, sever illness, or death when ingested, injected, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. |
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Corrosive |
Any solid, liquid, or gas substance that burns, irritates, or destructively attacks organic tissue. |
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What pH values (acid and basic) are considered corrosive substances? |
Acidic- less than pH 4 Basic- more than pH 10 * 1,2,3 and 11,12,13,14 |
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Oxidizer |
A compound that supplies its own oxygen and heat (ignition source) when in contact with organic compounds. These are chemicals that can react vigorously and explode. |
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Do any province or territory in Canada prohibit working alone? |
No, although some provinces/territories have specific provisions regulating working alone. |
